COUNTRY COTTAGES AND 
WEEK-END HOMES 



COUNTRY COTTAGES AND 
WEEK-END HOMES 



BY 

J. H. ELDER-DUNCAN 

AUTHOR OF "THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL AND USEFUL" 



WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLANS 
OF COTTAGES BY WELL-KNOWN ARCHITECTS 



JOHN LANE COMPANY 

NEW YORK MDCCCCVII 



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Publisher 
18 N '07 



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PREFACE. 

The object of this book is to tell the layman of moderate means 
some facts about Country Cottages, suitable alike to his class and 
to his purse ; to show him some commendable examples of modern 
cottages designed either for permanent homes or week-end jaunts ; 
to tell him of what these cottages are built, and for how much they 
were built ; and, further, to describe any special features which had 
a direct bearing upon either the materials, the plan, or the ex- 
penditure. 

As an ulterior object or motive it is hoped through these 
pages to introduce to his notice the work of a few of those Archi- 
tects who are endeavouring to follow their art with a higher 
appreciation for aesthetic considerations than commercialism de- 
mands ; and to prove, by the very examples given, that great 
expense is not the inevitable concomitant of good design. No 
idea of advancing any political, sociological, or ethical principle 
is attempted : it is assumed that the reader desires to live in the 
country ; that he wants a cottage ; and desires to know what kind 
of dwelling he can obtain for the available sum he has by him. 

The preliminary chapters, in the nature of a general con- 
sideration of the subject of cottage building, are kept as far as 
possible free from technicalities which would be confusing, as the 
reader will not, it is supposed, be hazardous enough to start 
building without competent advice. So far as the writer is able 
to make them, these notes are practical suggestions — points on 
which the layman may have to form an opinion before he is in a 
position to build profitably. 

As far as possible the actual costs of the buildings illustrated 
are given ; but in certain cases the figures have been suppressed 
in deference to the owners' wishes, or because the cottages were 
built for sale or are in the market. In regard to these houses 
the figures will be furnished to readers genuinely interested, by 

5 



PREFACE. 

the respective Architects, whose names and addresses will be 
found in the list following. The costs as given apply to the 
dwellings only, and, unless specifically stated, do not include the 
expenses of sinking wells, laying out gardens, building stables or 
fencing. 

The short chapter on gardens does not attempt to be exhaust- 
ive, but may be suggestive to cottage builders of treatments that 
they may desire to employ. So much depends on the size of the 
available ground that dogmatism or any stereotyped plan is to be 
deprecated. 

The information in Chapter VIII. is given merely for reference 
purposes ; the schedule of Architects' fees will no doubt be of 
service. 

It remains for the writer to acknowledge his indebtedness to 
the various Architects who have kindly assisted him by contributions 
of plans and particulars ; also the proprietors of The Taller and 
the proprietors of Tke Architedtcral Review for permission to 
reproduce some notes and information written for those periodicals. 



NOTE TO THE THIRD IMPRESSION. 

Two correspondents have kindly called my attention to the absence 
of any information in the book concerning " pugging " (Scots term : 
" deafening ") — a device to prevent sound travelling through the floors 
between upper and lower rooms. There are two methods, neither 
of which is employed as frequently as it might be. In the first 
one fillets are nailed on the sides of the joists or floor beams to 
support planks, which are covered to a depth of 3 or 4 inches 
with fibrous plaster or slag wool before nailing down the floor 
boards. This is an effectual method, but one that is liable to 
induce dry rot. The other method, which is not so liable to 
produce the defect mentioned, is to lay sheets of sound-proof 
felting over the joists before laying the floor boards. 

One correspondent complains of sound travelling through 
partition walls. In his drawing-room he can almost hear the 



PREFACE. 

exact words spoken in the kitchen. This is, of course, a common 
defect with lath and plaster partitions, unless they are treated in 
a manner similar to the "pugging" of the floors. Slag wool or 
sawdust have frequently been employed between the studs ; but 
sound-proof felting nailed on to the studs would be better. To 
give sufficient key to the plaster the laths should be fixed to thin 
battens nailed on to the studs over the felting. 

Another point raised is the number of w.c.'s and their 
position. The smallest cottage (of the class dealt with) should 
have two ; one upstairs and one down, and an extra one down- 
stairs for the servants is desirable. The noise of flushing can 
only be obviated by deafening the partitions or walls, and by 
fixing one of the silent flushing cisterns. To place them in 
convenient but unobtrusive positions is a matter of planning. 
In all cases the entrance should be contrived away from a main 
passage. I sometimes think there is undue squeamishness over 
these things. 

One of the technical journals having attacked the diagrams 
of bedrooms on page 31, it is fair to myself to say that I have 
been trained both as an Architect and a Civil Engineer, that the 
bedrooms shown are all taken from Architects' plans, that the 
rooms, as well as the pieces of furniture indicated, are drawn to scale, 
and that the chimney shown in Diagram i does not smoke, and 
never has done so. I could have given many pages of illustrations 
of badly designed bedrooms, all taken from Architects' plans, 
but the one example was sufficient. 

J. H. ELDER-DUNCAN. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

PAGE 

Choice of a Locality and Site— Water Supply— Lighting — 

Drainage — General Notes ii 



CHAPTER n. 

Treatment of Exteriors and Interiors— Fittings— Decoration 23 

CHAPTER in. 
The Question of Cost 46 

CHAPTER IV. 
Descriptions of Cottages Costing from ;^2oo to ;^rooo . . 59 

CHAPTER V. 

Descriptions of Cottages Costing from ;^i,ooo to ^2,000 . . 95 

CHAPTER VI. 

Descriptions of Cottages and Houses Costing from ^2,000 

TO ;^3,5oo 144 

CHAPTER VII. 
Some Notes on Cottage Gardens 218 

CHAPTER VIII. 
Professional Charges of Architects 222 



INDEX TO ARCHITECTS AND 
HOUSES ILLUSTRATED. 



B 



PAGE 



Bacon, Francis, Junr., 6, York Mansions, 
Battersea Park, London, S.W. 
" Little Gravels," Burghdere, Hants . 54, 55 
Bluhm, Q. Mangnall, Wood Street Chambers, 
St. Anne's-by-the-Sea, and 408, Temple 
Chambers, Brazenose Street, Manchester. 
First prize Pair of Cottages, Cleveleys, Lanes . 
Bolton, Arthur T., 28, Victoria Street, West- 
minster, London, S.W. 
Design for GhyU Cottage, Goudhurst, Kent. 
House on the Downs, Lyminge, Kent . 
Brewill, a. W., F.R.I.B.A., and Basil E. 
Baily, F.R.I. B.A., 44, Parliament Street, 
Nottingham. 
" The Paddock," Ruskington, Lincolnshire 
Pair of Cottages, Seacroft, Lincolnshire 
Cottage at Beeston, Notts .... 
" The Bungalow," Seacroft, Lincolnshire 
House at Loudon Road, Newark, Notts 
Buckland, Herbert T., and E. Haywood- 
Farmer, 25A, Paradise Street, Birmingham, 
House at Lynden End, near Birmingham . 
House at Bridlington, Yorks . 134, i35. 136 

House at Wigginton, Staffordshire . . 161 



36 



216 



75 
83 
105 
133 
171 



128 



Cappon, T. M., F.R.I.B.A., 32, Bank Street, 
Dundee, N.B. 

Cottage at Rosemount, near Blairgowrie, N.B. 90 
Caygill, The late Joseph. 

The Avenue Cottage, Stansted, Essex 65, 66, 67, 68 



Done, Albert E., 2, Oxford Road, Blackpool, 
Lanes. 
First prize Detached Cottage, Cleveleys, Lanes. 35 
Douglas and Minshull, 6, Abbey Square, 
Chester. 
" T.nnnin Garth," Portinscale, Cumberland 84, 85 
Drummond, Bertram, A.R.I.B.A., 6, Birley 
Street, Blackpool, and 16, CUfiord's Inn, 
London, E.G. 
Second prize Detached Cottage, Cleveleys, 
Lanes. ....... 35 



E 

Eden and Freeman, 3, Staple Inn, High Hol- 
bom, London, W.C. 
Cottage at Harmer Green . . . 152, I53 



Fair, John W., and Val Myer, A.R.I.B.A., 39, 
Fumival Street, E.G. 
Bungalow, Marsh Lock .... 



B 



Fair, J. W., and Val Myer (conid.). page 

Bungalow, Rotherfield Peppard, Oxon . . 52 

" Redroofs," Henley-on-Thames, Oxon . . 108 

" Kings-Wood," Harpsden Heights, Oxon . 166 

Field, Horace, and Simmons, i, Langham 
Chambers, Langham Place, London, W. 
Pair of Cottages at Ripley, Surrey . . 51 

Two Cottages at Bramley, Surrey . . 53, 54 

Cottage at Heyshott, Midhurst, Sussex . 138, 139 



Group of five Cottages at Woking, Surrey 
" The White Cottage," Hampstead 
House at Stanmore, Middlesex 
Figgis, T. Phillips, F.R.I.B.A., 28, Martin's 
Lane, Cannon Street, London, B.C. 
House at Loughton, Essex .... 
Fletcher, H. M., 10, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
London, W.C. 
Cottage at Letchworth, Herts 



180 
184 
203 



179 



97 



G 

GiMSON, Ernest, Daneway House, Sapperton, 
near Cirencester. 

Cottage in the Gloucestershire Cotswold 
District ....... 106 

Two Cottages in Chamwood Forest, Leicester- 
shire ...... 116, 117 

Gregg, Theodore, and Lionel G. Detmar, 
A. R.I. B. A., lA, St. Helen's Place, London, 
E.G. 

House on the Broadview Estate, Rotherfield, 
Sussex ....... 86 



Hardwick, A. Jessop, F.R.I.B.A., Eagle 
Chambers, Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey. 
Cottage at Roehampton, Surrey, No. i . . 154 

Cottage at Roehampton, Surrey, No. 2 . . 155 
Cottage at Coombe, Surrey .... 170 

Horder, p. Morley, F.R.I.B.A., 148, New 
Bond Street, London, W. 
Cottage at Orpington, Kent . . . .69 
Cottage at Upper Warlingham, Surrey . . 118 

Cottage at Crompton, near Guildford, Surrey . 123 
House at Garboldisham, Norfolk . . . 158 

House at Swansea, S. Wales . . . 164 

Cottage at Leatherhead, Surrey . . 2or, 202 

HouFTON, Percy B., Fumival Chambers, 
Chesterfield, Notts. 
The prize " £150 Cottage," Letchworth, Herts 25 
Cottage at Brampton, near Chesterfield, Notts 72 



Ibberson, H. G., F.R.I.B.A., 28, Martin's Lane, 
Caimon Street, E.G., and Hunstanton, Nor- 
folk 
Week-end Cottage at Trimingham, Norfolk . 78 
' Knighton," Boston Square, Hunstanton, 
Norfolk no, in 



Index to Architects and Houses Illustrated— con/maei. 



IBBERSON. H. G. {conld.). PAGE 

' Northernhav," Boston Square, ftunstanton, 

Norfolk . ' III. "2 

" Fridhem," Hunstanton, Norfolk . 145, 146 

" White Cottages," Hunstanton, Norfolk . 146 
Pair of Cottages, Boston Square, Hunstanton, 

Norfolk 147 

Cottage, Lincoln Square, Hunstanton, Norfolk 148 



Lander, H. Clapham, A.R.LB.A., Effingham 
House, Arundel Street, Strand, London, 
W.C. 
Pair of Houses at Letchworth, Herts . 181, 182 

VL 

Macartney, Mervyn E., B.A., F.R.LB.A., 10, 
Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. 
Cottage at Silchester Common, near Reading 76, 77 
" Foxhold," Newbury, Berks . i75. 1/6, i77 

House at Greenham Common, Bucks . 182, 183 
Mallows, C. E., F.R.I.B.A., 28, Conduit Street, 

London, W. 
• Cottage at Biddenham, Bedfordshire, No: I .172 
Cottage at Biddenham, Bedfordshire, No. 2 . 173, 

174. 175 

N 

Newton, Ernest, F.R.LB.A., 4, Raymond 

Buildings, Gray's Inn, W.C. 
House at Bickley, Kent . . . 190, 191 

House at Wimbledon, Surrey . . . 212 

Nicholson and Corlette, 2, New Square, Lin- 
coln's Inn Fields, W.C. 
"The White Cottage," Englefield Green, 

Egham, Surrey .... 162, 163 
"The Warren," Totteridge, Herts. . . 168 

Niven,Wigglesworth and Falkner, F.R.LB.A., 

104, High Holborn, London, W.C, and 23, 

West Street, Farnham, Surrey 
Cottage at Farnham, Surrey . . 7o, 71 

Cottage with high chimneys, Farnham, Surrey 89 
"The Dial House," Shortiield Common, 

Farnham, Surrey . . . . 91. 92 

Cottage in the Bourne, Farnham, Surrey 112, 113 
Cottage with Pergola, Farnham, Surrey. 114, 115 
North, Herbert L., B..A.., A.R.LB.A., Llanfair- 

fechan, N. Wales. 
" Bolnhurst," Llanfairfechan, N. Wales . 47 

Design for a Country Cottage in Snowdonia . 48 
Pair of Cottages, Llanfairfechan, N. Wales . 107 
" Rosebriers," Llanfairfechan, N. Wales 119, I20 



Owen, William and Segar, F.R.LB.A., Cairo 
Street Chambers, Warrington, Lanes 
House at Appleton, Cheshire . . . 204 

High Clifie, Appleton, Cheshire . . . 205 



Parker, Barry, and Raymond Unwin, Bal- 
dock, Herts, and Buxton, Derbyshire. 
Thomthwaite Vicarage, Keswick, Cumberland 160 
Cottage at Minehead, Somerset . . 193, 194 

Pinkerton, Godfrey, 10, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
London, W.C. 
Cottage at Hook Heath, Woking, Surrey 126, 127 

PouLTER, H. R. and B. A., Camberley, Surrey. 
" Woodcote," Camberley, Surrey . . . 140 

" Ingledell," Camberley, Surrey . . 149, 150 

" Curraghvoe," Camberley, Surrey . . 156 



QuENNELL, C. H. B., ir, Victoria Street, West- 
minster, London. S.W. 
Cottage at Sutton Veny, Warminster, Wilts 98, 99 
Cottage at Famborough, Hants . . 99, 100 
Cottage at Camberley, Surrey . 136, 137, 138 
Cottage at Purley, Surrey .... 159 
Cottage at Northwood, Middlesex. . . 165 

House at Wickham Bishops, Essex . . 167 



R 

Rhodes, John W., F.R.I.B..A.., 5, Mitre Court, 
Fleet Street, London, E.C. 
Cottage at Epping, Essex . . . - 38 

" The Garden House," Saltwood, Kent . 208, 209 

RiCARDO, Halsey, 13, Bedford Square, W.C. 
House at Letchworth, Herts. . . 121,122 



S 

Schultz, Robert Weir, F.R.LB.A., 14, Gray's 
Inn Square, London, W.C. 
Cottage at Polebrook, Hever, Kent . . 49 

" The Croft," Winchfield, Hants . . . 195 

" Beaumonts," Edenbridge, Kent. . 198,199 

ScoTT, M. H. Baillie, Fenlake Manor, Bedford. 
Pair of Cottages, Letchworth, Herts . . 37 

Cottage at Letchworth, Herts . . . 151 

Sirr, Harry, F.R.I.B..A.., and E. J. Rope, 50, 
Twisden Road, Highgate, London, N., and 
Little Glemham, Suffolk. 
House at Orford, Suffolk . . . 177, 178 

Shepheard, T. Faulkner, 13, South Bank, 
Birkenhead. 
Second prize Pair of Cottages, Cleveleys, 
Lanes ....... 36 

Spooner, Charles and Cobbold, 17, Bedford 
Row, London, W.C. 
Cottage at Bury, Sussex . . 199, 200, 201 

House at Shottermill, Hindhead, Surrey. 206, 207 
" Rushmere Lodge," near Ipswich, Suffolk 209, 210 



VovsEY, C. F. A., 23, York Place, Baker Street, 
W. 
" Tilehurst," Bushey, Herts. . 124,125,126 

" The Orchard," Chorley Wood, Herts . 196, 197 



Warren, Edward, F.S.A., F.R.LB.A., 20, 

Cowley Street, Westminster, London, S.W. 

Breach House, Cholsey . . 213, 214, 215 

White, William H., F.R.LB.A., 14A, Cavendish 

Place, London, W. 

Bungalows specially designed for Messrs. 

Oetzmann and Co. . . . . 26, 56 

Design for a Cottage Residence . . -157 

" Newlands," Bourne End, Bucks. . . 211 

Wilson, A. Needham, 28, Martin's Lane, 
Cannon Street, E.C. 
Cottage at Buckhurst Hill, Essex . . . 109 

Wood, Edgar, A.R.I. B.. A.., 78, Cross Street, 
Manchester. 
" The Dingle," Dore, Cheshire . . . 169 



COUNTRY COTTAGES AND 
WEEK-END HOMES. 



CHAPTER I. 

CHOICE OF A LOCALITY AND SITE WATER SUPPLY LIGHTING 

DRAINAGE — GENERAL NOTES. 

WHERE Those who are seeking the recuperative effects of 
^^ country as a remedy to the nervous wear and tear of 

LIVE. modern city life are likely to be dismayed when first 

faced with this momentous question. To draw on the map a circle 
at a 20 miles radius from the heart of a big city and note on that 
circle the innumerable places at which one might live is almost to 
deter one from making a choice at all. In reality the difficulty of 
choosing is more apparent than real. It is determinate even 
more on numerous practical factors and considerations than on 
personal predilection. 

Our main considerations must be distance and means of 
locomotion. To the proud possessor of a motor these matters 
may be of little moment ; to the average man they are of con- 
siderable importance, and will probably have great influence in 
his selection of the locality. If the City man intends to travel 
daily to and from his country home, thirty miles is probably the 
greatest distance from town that he can afi"ord to live, either as 
regards the cost of travelling or the time so occupied. If this 
cottage is for use at week-ends or during the summer months, 
he may live another ten or twenty miles out. The leisured 
classes have a wider choice. A bungalow at Cromer or Sher- 
ingham, or a cottage in the New Forest may be conveniently 
suitable for the Society man who has no business claims to 
consider. 

The " Country Cottage craze," as a social critic has unkindly 
termed it, has different manifestations in different towns, mainly 
depending on the advantages afforded by quick or express railway 
services. London has the greatest choice, for practically every 
one of the numerous railways caters for the " week-ender." In 
provincial cities the railways are fewer, and the " week-ender " 
foregathers in one or two outlying villages to which there are 
local travelling facilities. Thus the Glaswegian travels out to 
Helensburgh or some other Clydeside village ; the Mancestrian 
to the Cheshire villages beyond the Mersey ; the Liverpudlian to 
Southport ; the Nottingham merchant to Clifton or Carlton ; the 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

Leicester man to Charnwood, Ashby Magna, or Luttenvorth ; 
the business men in the loom districts of Yorkshire naturally 
travel to the Moors, while the inhabitant of Birmingham seems 
to favour the Sutton Coldfield district of Warwickshire. 

But the week-end habit does not seem so pronounced in 
provincial cities as in London, and the reason is not far to seek. 
London is a peculiarly difficult city to " get out of"; the county 
area, ten miles by six, by no means represents the extent of 
London when the independent outlying boroughs and districts 
are considered, and these suburbs of " London-over-the-Border " 
must be traversed ere the country can be reached. In provincial 
cities, if we except Manchester, ringed round with manufacturing 
towns, this difficulty hardly exists. In Nottingham, Leicester, 
and other growing towns a twenty-minute tram ride from the 
Market Place will bring one into open country. Also in many 
of the provincial cities the conditions of life are hardly so 
onerous or unpleasant as to deter men from living within the 
city borders. 

Yet the provinces are by no means oblivious to the benefits 
to be derived from a country home, but as a rule these country 
dwellings are permanent ones and not merely week-end cottages 
or summer pleasure haunts. And it is not an uncommon thing for 
provincial city men, who cannot well live in the outlying villages 
of the city, to rent a seaside or country cottage for the summer 
months, and spend as much time there as their business will allow. 

Comparison, therefore, becomes difficult, if not impossible, if 
one desires to contrast the country home of the Londoner with 
that of his provincial brother. For the Londoner, already possess- 
ing a house or flat in town, desires in the country to live the 
simple life, and his cottage is considered with this end in view ; 
while the provincial citizen usually takes with him his dining-room, 
drawing-room, study, billiard-room, boudoir, and all other items 
of a well-ordered city civilisation. Naturally his house is an 
expensive one, and he frequently spends thousands where the 
Cockney spends hundreds. 

In the matter of travelling facilities the Londoner is well endowed. 
Nine trunk and other lines exist to carry him away to the various 
points of the compass, and he has apparently an almost limitless 
number of districts to select from. Actually, he will find his 
choice considerably restricted. It is a troublesome matter, even 
with the aid of tube railways and other aids to rapid locomotion, 
to get across London, and the man whose office lies near to 
London Bridge will inevitably look to the Brighton line for a 
district to live in rather than one on the Great Western. In 
the provinces, as has been explained, there is not much choice 
of route ; but the distance to be traversed is generally less. 
Here the cycle may well become a factor in the matter of 
locomotion; but in London only the owner of a powerful motor 
can be independent of the railway services. 

Personal preferences in the choice of a district are obviously 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

outside the range of discussion. A desire to be near friends, to 
be near a river for boating, or a golf course for golfing, or in a 
good hunting district, are factors in the selection as important 
as the natural beauties and advantages of the place itself. 

There is another question in the choice of a district to 
which, perhaps, passing attention should be directed. That is 
the quality of the air. We are accustomed to speak of places 
as being " bracing " or " relaxing," without always attaching due 
importance to the meaning of the words. When, however, one 
seeks a country home from consideration of health, these items 
and the climatic conditions they represent become duly sig- 
nificant. Offhand one always votes for bracing air, and with the 
majority of folks bracing air will doubtless agree ; but there 
are numbers of city bred people and children who are rarely 
quite well except in an atmosphere that many would regard as 
relaxing. A more annoying contreiemps cannot be imagined 
than the possession of a country home in a district which 
disagrees with the owner ; and as this has proved a genuine 
trouble in several instances a word of advice, medical or other- 
wise, would doubtless be prudent before the district is actually 
fixed upon. 

The locality fixed upon, there remains the selection of 
"THE the actual site. Here comes into play a whole range 

SELECTION Qf questions, having a more or less direct bearing on 
OF SITE, ^i^g convenience and comfort of the home to be 
erected. The proximity to the railway station, the post office, 
shops, places of worship, and a doctor, are questions that at 
once suggest themselves. Water supply, lighting, the condition 
of the roads, and the average price of ground in the neigh- 
bourhood, are also of importance. But above all these may be 
set the nature of the ground itself and its situation. 

No one deliberately seeks a damp situation, but there is a 
temptation to nestle one's home in the trees on the banks of 
a lake or river, and this fondness for the picturesque may have 
to be resisted. The brook that babbles by is a promising 
and poetic addition to one's garden, but if the said brook is 
used by the village higher up as a public sewer the result may 
be promising but certainly unpoetic. Your neighbour's efforts 
in poultry raising may be interesting, but less so if his food 
bill is diminished by the nutritive value of your garden seeds. 
To many country people a rookery is a distinctly precious 
possession ; to a town bird these feathered friends may appear 
as a direct encouragement of insanity. These and a thousand 
other possible petty annoyances may occur to one, and the 
value of living in a district and learning something about it 
before one settles there need hardly be emphasised. It is best 
to buy land only in a district that one knows. 

As regards subsoil it is a safe rule to have nothing to do 
with clay. It is a wet land, and, as a rule, unhealthy. If you 
build on a clay slope your dwelling may combine the advan- 

13 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

tages of a home and a switchback, descending one fine day 
into the valley beneath. Clay is not an impossible soil, but 
if you desire to go in for draining — your purse as well as the 
ground — it can be made passable. Peat and other water-holding 
soils are always to be avoided. 

Gravel is pre-eminently the best soil. A gravel subsoil, 
overlain with fine loam, will prove an excellent site. Rock is, 
of course, a safe and sure foundation, but the nature of the 
rock and the work necessary to firmly plant your dwelling 
thereon should be carefully looked into before it is decided 
upon as a site. 

It is usually considered desirable to secure a good open 
outlook to the south and west, these being the quarters from 
which the maximum amount of sunshine is obtainable. All 
things considered, a site just below the summit of a hill facing 
south or south-west is an ideal situation. The summit of the 
hill protects the house from the cold northerly or north-easterly 
breezes, and a fine open view is obtainable down the slope. 
Almost as good a situation is the south or south-west side of 
a thick plantation, which acts similarly as a screen against 
the cold. 

The distance from the main road, if considerable, may 
involve heavy expense in the construction of a drive. A drive 
means a continual expense for repairs, and in bad weather will 
be found a nuisance to traverse. At the same time it is not 
desirable to be too near a public road — especially a main road. 
The appalling amount of dust, not to speak of the noise, caused 
by motor cars will make any cottage near or " on " a main 
road practically uninhabitable, and not only will the dust be 
an absolute nuisance in the house, but the garden wall be 
quite ruined by it. If possible, therefore, a situation on a by- 
road, some little way from the main road, is a desideratum. 

The supply of water is another important matter. 

Wherever possible it pays to have a supply of good 

SUPPLY water from a company's main. Where, however, this 

is impossible, a well may have to be sunk. The 

question of well-sinking opens up a wide field of possibilities, 

difficulties, and dangers. Expert geological advice may be 

required as to the requisite position of the well for tapping a 

supply ; and even expert geologists are sometimes at fault in 

locating a possible source. The water, when found, may be 

impure or undrinkable, or may require to be pumped up into 

the house. For pumping an automatic hydraulic ram or a wind 

pump can sometimes be profitably employed. 

Shallow wells, i.e. wells up to about 50 feet deep, are liable 
to pollution from the percolation of filthy liquids from the 
surrounding soil. 

Water-finders are frequently employed to discover sources 
of supply, and some are very successful. There is no doubt 
that certain persons are susceptible to curious sensations when 

14 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

in proximity to running water ; but if a water-finder be employed, 
he should be one of those who work on the " no cure, no 
pay" principle, i.e. who agrees to be paid by results. 
LIGHTING convenience, cleanliness, and beauty of effect, 

electric light is undoubtedly the best illuminant, but 
in country districts it will rarely be available, and even if a 
public service is installed it may be considered too expensive 
to use. Very frequently, however, this light can be obtained 
through private enterprise. A well-known boat builder at Goring- 
on-Thames has an electrical plant installed for charging electric 
launch accumulators and lighting his yard and workshops, and 
supplies, I believe, a number of houses and bungalows in his 
vicinity. In several well - equipped mills electrical plants have 
been installed capable of lighting not only the mills but a 
number of private consumers as well. 

If no public or private supply can be obtained the cottage 
builder must weigh the advantages of the light against the cost 
of a private plant. Possibly if he has neighbours he can arrange 
to supply them with current, and so obtain some additional 
return on his outlay, which in such case would probably be 
increased by the necessarily larger plant. He must also consider 
the wages that must be paid to a skilled electrician to take 
charge of the plant. 

The power necessary for working the dynamo (if water 
power is not available, and this is seldom the case) may be 
supplied by an oil engine, a gas engine using coal gas, or a 
gas engine using producer gas. The cost of such a plant is 
necessarily expensive, and it is very doubtful if all the ad- 
vantages of electric light justify such an expenditure for lighting 
a country cottage. 

Generally speaking, the oil-engine plant will be the only 
one practically suitable for a country house. A gas engine 
necessitates a gas supply, and if gas is available it would not 
pay to instal electric light. Producer gas necessitates extra 
plant and labour. There are two or three good types of oil 
engines on the market ; the principle of them is that of the 
petrol motor car — vaporised petroleum and air are ignited by 
a spark from an electric battery, and the resulting explosion 
gives the working force. 

A public gas supply, though exceedingly useful not only 
for lighting but cooking, is not always obtainable, and, like the 
electric light, is frequently prohibitive in cost. Five shillings a 
thousand feet is not an uncommon figure in country villages ; 
but even at this price it may pay in the matter of convenience. 

As week-end cottages and country homes are frequently 
only used in the summer months when the long light evenings 
do not necessitate much artificial lighting, the expense may 
prove to be nothing untoward ; and a greater check may be 
kept on the expenditure by installing the light in the sitting- 
rooms and kitchen only, candles being used in the bedrooms. 

15 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

As gas in bedrooms is regarded by many doctors as unhealthy, 
this little economy is supported by sound medical opinion. 

Gas fittings are now very much improved, and the use of 
incandescent burners and mantles gives not only greatly increased 
lighting power but reduces the consumption of gas. With the 
new inverted incandescent gas burners decorative effects can be 
obtained as with the electric light ; but the selection of these 
fittings should be attended with circumspection, for in many of 
them the supply pipe is heated by the fumes rising from the 
burner, and the gas, becoming heated and rarefied, begins to 
" blow " or make a noise, necessitating a frequent adjustment 
of the supply before the requisite pressure under these con- 
ditions is attained. 

Another form of gas lighting which has made considerable 
strides for country house lighting, more especially on the 
Continent and America, is acetylene. Acetylene is made by the 
admixture of carbide of calcium with water. This is a par- 
ticularly useful form of lighting for country houses, as the requisite 
plant is comparatively inexpensive, and the cottage builder can 
easily make his own illuminant and be independent of everyone. 
But it is essential that he thoroughly understands what he is 
dealing with and does not attempt any tricks with the plant, 
for, like coal gas, it is extremely explosive when mixed with 
air in certain proportions, and failure to appreciate this fact, 
or carelessness in handling the plant, has led to several fatal 
accidents which have done much to retard the use of the light 
in this country. 

People have done things with acetylene that they would 
never have dreamt of doing with ordinary coal gas, and have 
suffered accordingly. Once let it be well understood that 
acetylene must be treated as prudently as coal gas, and danger 
will be practically eliminated. No gas escape must be sought 
for with a light. 

Lastly, we come to lamps. There is little that need be 
said under this head, except that a cottage to be lighted by 
lamps should have a lamproom in one of the outbuildings, as 
it is impossible to avoid spilling the oil occasionally, and also 
the oil " sweats " through the material of the best-made lamps. 
This lamproom will be found of the greatest convenience and 
service for trimming the lamps and storing them when not 
in use. 
DRAINAGE '^^^ drainage of the country cottage is a matter 
that very greatly concerns the comfort and health 
of the inmates, and the term must be understood to apply not 
only to the conveyance away of slops and foul matters but 
also to any necessary drainage of the site. 

It has previously been urged that wet lands, requiring a 
proper scheme of ■ land drainage to render their use for building 
possible, should be avoided ; but in many cases, on an otherwise 
irreproachable site, a spring or underground water-course exists 

i6 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

that will render the house damp unless it is diverted. In other 
instances, especially in the case of agricultural land, there are 
land drains in existence which pass under the proposed site of 
the cottage, and it is desirable that such drains should be 
intercepted at a safe distance from the foundations and a main 
intercepting land drain put in to convey the water delivered by 
the subsidiary drains away from the house. Similarly, when a 
cottage is to be erected on a slope or just below the brow of 
a hill it is very desirable that the higher ground should be 
efficiently land-drained to prevent the possibility of underground 
water running down the slope into the foundations. 

The cottage builder will be well-advised to collect his rain- 
water and store it in an underground tank or cistern, which may be 
built of brick, cemented inside, or of concrete. To do this a separate 
drain, distinct from that for the foul liquids, should be laid to convey 
the rain-water from the various down pipes into the cistern. A 
pump connected with this cistern is usually fixed in the scullery. 
Ladies greatly appreciate rain-water for ablutionary purposes on 
account of its " softness," and, even if not desired for this purpose, 
it will be valuable for garden watering. Country water supplies are 
not usually over generous in the matter of quantity per head per 
day. The first washings of the roof during the rain are generally 
very dirty, but there is an ingenious kind of rain-water filter on the 
market which diverts the first part of the rainfall into the foul-water 
drains, and only allows the clean water to enter the storage cistern. 

In districts where by-laws are enforced a man need not connect 
his drains with a public sewer if the nearest part of his grounds (not 
his house merely) is over loo feet away from such sewer; if any part 
of his garden is within that distance he can be compelled to do so, 
even if the distance of the house is much more than lOO feet. 

The difficulties of sewage disposal are many and various. A 
Royal Commission has been engaged for over seven years in an 
extended inquiry and research into the question of sewage disposal, 
and its final report has not yet been published. 

The dearth of country cottages, which the social 
/-rK-i-TA^c. reformer and the rural homeseeker both deplore, seems 

COTTAGE. T, , , -11 • 1 r 

likely to become still more acute m the near future. 
The exhibition at Letchworth in 1905 was held mainly to interest 
the philanthropist, the country landowner, and all those seeking to 
improve the housing conditions of the agricultural workers. But it 
was noticeable, and even remarked by some of the exhibitors, that 
the bulk of the visitors were hardly to be included with the above 
classes, and from this it can safely be inferred that many of those 
who journeyed down to the Garden City were of the well-to-do or 
professional classes ascertaining what kind of a country home they 
could acquire for ■£'^S'^- 

It was unfortunate that the glamour of the ;^i5o cottage obscured 
all other issues, for if there was one thing the exhibition did not 
disclose it was a cottage that could be built for £xs^- ^^ some cases 
that sum covered the bare cost of materials ; in more numerous 

C 17 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

cases not even that. So that when the exhibitors of these homes 
were asked to plant repHcas of them on the sides of Welsh hills and 
in sylvan spots remote from railway stations, together with fences of 
unknown extent, a water supply, and a complete drainage system, 
they very naturally refused, and applicants went away feeling that 
the whole exhibition was more or less of a farce. Probably the 
nearest cottage to the ^^150 limit was that of Mr. A. H. Clough, of 
Ring^vood, Hants, the cost of which is certified at £i},S ; but this has 
only been accomplished on his own estate, and by the exercise of 
considerable opportunism in buying materials. 

The fascination of the picturesque old country cottage still 
exercises considerable sway. The white walls, thatched roofs, rose- 
covered porch, and flower-filled garden, make an instant appeal to 
the English heart. To many people it seems an ideal plan to acquire 
a block of two or three such cottages, knock them into one, and 
make of them a new and improved home. The only advice one can 
give in such a matter is that of Mr. Punch — " Don't." Old thatched 
cottages are queer things : once you begin to pull them about they 
go to pieces. And once the pulling about commences, what irre- 
sistible opportunities for improvement appear ! A little wing out in 
this direction, a new bay in that, a new thatched roof that doesn't 
leak, damp courses (and they are considered essential nowadays), 
new casements, doors that fit passably into their frames, and so on. 
And the final cost is four times what was anticipated, whatever was 
formerly picturesque has been eliminated, and if the builder has left 
aught of the flower-filled garden or the rose-covered porch the owner 
can account himself uncommonly lucky. 

No ; the old cottage is best left to itself. Modern country 
cottages can be built for less money, can be made quite as pic- 
turesque, and the porch and the well-filled garden are growths of a 
single season. Moreover, the rooms can be fitted to one's ideas, not 
one's ideas to the rooms. 

SOME '^^^ planning of country cottages demands most 

GENERAL careful attention, and requires unusual skill on the 

NOTES. P'^'^^ of the architect, who, in too many instances, has 

his reputation very much at the mercy of his client. 

For clients are very apt nowadays to expect a considerable amount 

of accommodation for a very small amount of money ; and when the 

drawings have been prepared showing their little ideas and fads as 

to decoration and fitments, to express astonishment at the probable 

cost, which is so much more than the cost ot the cottages of Mr. A. 

and Mr. B. whom they know. 

The average client is very apt to base his ideas of a home on 
the combined advantages and features of four or five houses that he 
knows or has visited. Thus the house of A. is small, but beautifully 
fitted up with oak-panelled rooms, marble bathroom, &c. ; the house 
of B. has much greater accommodation, but is very plainly fitted, 
and the woodwork is only painted deal. Your client conceives a 
home having the accommodation owned by B. with the decorative 
effects possessed by A., and cannot quite see why the cost is so much. 

18 



COUNTRY COTTAGES 

greater than the respective costs of the houses of either A. or B. 
Another error into which intending cottage builders are sometimes 
apt to fall is to base their ideas on the known cost of cottages built 
twenty years ago. The fact that the cost of building has risen 
about 30 per cent, in that time proves the fallacy of any such 
calculation. 

In other cases the client is rather too ready to build a house 
with accommodation that does not really suit him because he knows 
the price. There is a desire for the " all goods marked in plain 
figures " kind of dealing, arising mainly from a certain timidity as to 
the possible cost if an original design is commissioned. 

To mention one other type of client, there is the man who, 
having a certain amount of money to spend, does not quite know 
what to do with it. As an instance, I may quote from a letter 
recently received. " Approximately," says the writer, " the value of 
the house I propose to put up would be ^1,500, exclusive of the land, 
and I should like to get the very best model to work from." Here 
we have a genuine case of a man in difficulty ; but the mere state- 
ment of his trouble does not enable us to help him very much. 
What kind of a house does he want ? what accommodation is to be 
provided ? what exterior treatment does he desire ? All these are 
pertinent questions upon which information must be vouchsafed 
before an opinion can be given. 

The sum named should afford a moderate-sized and comfort- 
able kind of home. If the writer requires eight bedrooms and three 
sitting-rooms the problem becomes more difficult ; but the thing can 
still be done, though the materials must be of the plainest and most 
economical description. If only four bedrooms are necessary, we 
may be able to afford oak panelling in the dining-room, better 
chimney - pieces throughout, and so on. The accommodation 
required is the most important factor to be considered, and 'next 
to that the materials it is desired to use, not forgetting the distance 
the latter have to be conveyed from the station or builder's yard. 

In America there are one or two building corporations who 
specialise in what they term " building organisation." The modus 
operandi is simple. You save up your $5,000, f 10,000, or $20,000 
as the case may be, and you march into the office of a building 
corporation and demand a house. You give them particulars of the 
site you have purchased, ask for a house with so many rooms, 
possibly you stipulate for a certain treatment, and you wind up by 
mentioning your impending six months' holiday, at the conclusion of 
which the house must be finished for immediate occupation. And 
finished it is. The corporation turns on its great organisation — 
the surveyors who measure up and plot out the ground, the " tame " 
architect who designs the buildings, the decorators who carry out the 
interior fittings, the plumbing and heating engineers who plan out 
those necessary equipments, the furnishing experts who make the 
rooms habitable, and the garden architects who construct a natural 
paradise to surround you. Invigorated by your European trip " you 
pay your money and you takes " — the company's choice. 

19 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

To the American who is persuaded that life was meant but 
for the malting of money in an office this method may appear 
reasonable and sound. To the average Englishman it must seem 
very much like buying ready-made clothing — it may fit you or it may 
not. A house in the construction of which no whim or aspiration 
of your own has had its influence will hardly appeal to the average 
man as a home. But in the States these organisations flourish. 
Over it all is the trail of the dollar. Your agreement provides that 
you want such and such accommodation, and you are to pay so 
much for it. That sum you pay — no more and no less. But if you 
want a good deal for your money, or the organisation makes a 
mistake in its calculations, it would be interesting to know how and 
where things are cut down to fit. And perhaps it were well not to 
inquire too closely. 

Another American idea is the book of plans. Here it is con- 
sidered unbecoming, in a professional sense, for an architect to 
advertise ; in America thousands of architects do so without any 
detriment to their professional status. The advertisement may 
take the form of the simple " business card," but more often it 
is the publication of a portfolio of designs for houses costing 
from $i,6oo to $25,000, or some higher sum. Therein are to be 
found plans for houses of all shapes and sizes, accompanied by 
detailed particulars and a draft specification upon which prices can 
be obtained direct from any local builder. The cost of such port- 
folios may be anything from $5 to $50, and whether the author- 
architect intends to make a living by the sale of these portfolios, or 
whether he hopes that the inexperienced building owner will be 
constrained to drift into his office and entrust him to superintend 
the carrying out of a design, is a moot point. The satisfaction of 
living in a home exactly similar to the dwellings of nine hundred 
and ninety-nine other men can hardly be very profound. Thousands 
of Englishmen do so, of course, but hardly from choice so much as 
necessity. 
i7r>ccurvi r» On the relative advantages of a freehold site or a build- 

FREEHOLD , , t i • i i i- i itt 

AND LEASE- ^^S lease there can, I thmk, be little dinerence ot 
HOLD SITES- opinion. At first sight the small amount of ground rent 
to be paid may seem a considerable advantage compared 
with the large capital sum to be expended in a freehold purchase. 
On the other hand ground landlords are apt, nowadays, to be fairly 
stringent in the terms of their leases, and require very substantial 
buildings to be erected of a certain value, the plans for which must 
also be subject to the approval of their surveyors, so that, considered 
in all its bearings, the building lease may not turn out to be so 
advantageous as at first appeared. The ground landlord's con- 
ditions are very natural ; it obviously does not pay him to lose 
control of his land for 80 to 99 years for a very small rental, if at 
the end of that period the building erected is practically worn out 
and useless. And of the present age it can hardly be said that it 
builds for posterity. Building for posterity is much too expensive, 
nowadays. 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

Moreover, there are other factors which point to a freehold as 
more desirable. First, we are dealing with land in the country which 
is cheap, and not with an expensive site in a town or city ; and 
secondly, the country cottage is rarely a speculation. A building 
lease may be desirable to a speculator who is going to sell his interest 
on completion of the house, or who reckons on getting his money back 
out of the tenants. But the average cottage is usually the outcome 
of the desire of some individual to live in the country. Lastly, if the 
builder ever desires to sell, a freehold cottage will command a better 
and readier sale than a leasehold one. It must not be forgotten that 
most leasehold property, after thirty years, diminishes in value, and 
for the last twenty years is worth practically nothing, because of the 
inevitable bill of dilapidations that must be met when the place is 
surrendered to the ground landlord. " It will last my time " is, 
however, a very favourite argument with some people, and the building 
lease is likely, therefore, to continue in favour despite the disad- 
vantages cited. 

If the purchase of an existing cottage is contemplated it is well to 
seek the advice of a competent surveyor. His opinion on the value 
of the property and a solicitor's as to the validity of the title are both 
essential before a bargain is struck. For those to whom the purchase 
money is a consideration there are societies who advance the purchase 
money on mortgage if the property is approved by them ; which 
mortgage is paid off in the shape of rent. These, I am told, carry 
out their bargains fairly, but the financial papers almost invariably 
condemn them. And it is doubtful if they can or would do more than 
one's own solicitor. 

If a cottage is to be rented it is better to arrange a " seven or 
fourteen years' " lease than to take on a three years' agreement. The 
" seven or fourteen years' " lease confers a double advantage on the 
lessee. If he tires of the cottage he can sub-let for the remainder of 
the term up to seven years ; if he desires to stay he has the advantage 
of the full fourteen years. A lease is also a safeguard if one con- 
templates expending any money on the house or garden, and the 
rental should be less than on an agreement. But the question of 
spending money on other people's property should be very fully 
considered before such expenditure is incurred. 

Quite recently some enthusiasts explained the inception and 
realisation of their country home for the benefit of the readers of one 
of the sixpenny weeklies. Certainly the place, as shown in the 
photographic views, deserved all their encomiums. But the financial 
side was far less alluring. They had found a farm cottage, derelict 
and overrun with rats, in Hampshire. This, with two acres of arable 
land, they leased for seven or fourteen years, at an annual rental of 
^32 a year. For such property this seems a very heavy rent to pay 
on lease. Then they expended ^500 on putting the house in order 
and making the garden. Calculating the interest on this capital sum 
at 5 per cent., which is low for building operations, they were paying 
an annual charge of ■^'^-j a year for rent and interest on capital — 
a perfectly preposterous sum. And at the end of the fourteen 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

years the whole place reverted to the landlord, with all the attractions 
and advantages which their money and effort had created. 

" An ill-favoured thing, sir, but mine own," is certainly a better 
maxim than " A fine thing, sir, but my landlord's," and the cottage 
builder should remember it. 

All legal documents should be supervised and approved by a 
lawyer. Estate agents keep printed forms of agreement which are 
very easy to sign, but very often contain conditions difficult to 
observe. It is almost needless to add that such agreements are more 
generous to the agent's client, the landlord, than to the prospective 
tenant. 

As a last reminder ascertain how much in the pound the rates 
are before settling in any district. Even country districts can give 
some unpleasant surprises in this respect. 



CHAPTER II. 

TREATMENT OF EXTERIORS AND INTERIORS FITTINGS DECORATION. 

Having acquired our site, the next consideration must be the placing 
of our dwelUng upon it, and to do this satisfactorily is not quite so 
easy as would appear. The nature of the surrounding country will 
demand a certain treatment for the house. A house set among strong 
tall trees will require strong, broad detail to give it individuality ; a 
flat and somewhat bare site will be better suited with a long low 
dwelling having sweeping lines ; a rocky site naturally suggests a 
stone house with strong lines, and so on. This is, however, more a 
question for the architect, but the cottage builder would do well to 
remember that the architect, as an artist, has to consider these points, 
and that the ultimate artistic effect may largely depend on his capa- 
bilities for proper treatment. 

Not only, however, does the nature of the surrounding country 
suggest a certain treatment for the house, but the nature of the site 
and its configuration will dictate to a certain extent the disposition of 
the house with regard to the site. 

It is presumed that the site has been selected with certain ideas 
as to points of view and aspect ; these must be enhanced as far as 
possible in arranging the house on the ground. It must be decided 
whether the plan shall be straight or square, or whether it shall be 
built round an angle. If the ground area is comparatively small an 
endeavour must be made to utilise it to the best advantage ; the 
planting of the house in the middle of it will mean much waste of 
garden space, which might be avoided by placing the house in one 
corner. The two diagrams on the following page will show more 
clearly perhaps what is meant. This question is also one for the 
architect, but the cottage builder will be able to appreciate the 
necessity for its consideration. 

When the arrangement of the house with regard to the site has 
been thought out the architect will begin to settle more particularly 
the actual outlines of his plan and the position of his rooms. By this 
time he will have formed a rough mental picture of the house as it 
will appear. He now has to fit in the accommodation required on 
two or more floors, and the planning of all floors should be done at 
the same time, so that alterations can be made in one or the other 
as may be found necessary to obtain the best result. 

I would not like to say that all architects follow this course, as all 
have their individual methods of work. In some cases it is impossible 
to resist the conclusion that the ground floors of some houses have 

23 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

occupied all their designers' attention and the bedrooms have been 
left to " go hang." In other cases it is palpable that everything has 
been sacrificed to exterior effect. I am merely indicating a some- 
what golden rule for planning; one which may involve several 
attempts before a final and satisfactory solution suggests itself. 
The old idea of planning a wall over a wall, and voids over voids, is 
no longer rigidly adhered to, though there is much to be said for it. 
Beams and steel joists will carry walls over spaces so that bed- 
room floors need not, and rarely do nowadays, actually present the 
same outlines as the floors below them. But a bedroom floor which 



Offices 



-r> ^ ^ -tJtrii 7-ic 



^'^^S^ 




Dmio'CrrCJ- 

Roorn ': 



Dlntnq 
Koom 

'•i^ov7t fry 



sti<iij\ h^Uj(,rc-h.7i 






-J^: 



^^1 



THE 
TREATMENT 

OF 
EXTERIORS. 



Diagrams showing a wasteful and economical utilisation of a site. Though the dwelling in the 
second case is much nearer the road, privacy and quiet are assured by placing the sitting 
rooms at the back. 

practically dispenses with the support of the ground floor partition 
walls can hardly be defended from the imputation of bad planning. 

The staircase necessarily forms the pivot of the plan. It is the 
fixed point in both floors, from which the rest of the space is worked 
out. 

Having reached the point where the plan has practically 
been worked out, the treatment of the exterior elevations 
must now engage attention. In reality the plans and 
exterior and interior elevations are so intimately con- 
nected that the architect cannot really consider them otherwise than 
as a whole, but for the layman it is more convenient to take the points 
one by one. 

The exterior elevations then should simply and straightforwardly 
arise out of the plan. There should be an entire absence of con- 
structed decoration ; that is to say, an absence of unnecessary 
features constructed solely for effect. In this connection I have more 
than once commented severely on the buttress, which is character- 
istic of so many modern cottages. In the old Gothic Cathedrals the 
buttress performed a very vital and important work ; in fact, the 
buttress was almost the keynote in cathedral construction. By means 
of flying buttresses the thrust of the often heavy and elaborate 
nave roof, placed on high and comparatively thin clerestory walls, 

24 




THE PRIZE £150 COTTAGE" AT LETCHWORTH. 
PERCY B. HOUFTON, Architect. 

Built of brick, rougli-casted, and roofed with tiles. Wooden casement windows. Woodwork of 
deal, painted green outside. Cost, including builder's profit, etc., about £175. See p. 59. 



25 





BUNGALOW TO COST £200— £230. Specially Designed for Messrs. Oetzmann & Co. 

WM, HENRY WHire, Architect. 

Built in brick, rough-cast, with red-tiled roof, wrought-iron casements with leaded lights. See p. Co. 



z6 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

was transmitted over the aisle roofs on to the massive buttresses on 
the exterior aisle walls, and the nave roof was thus directly buttressed 
from the ground on either side. 

In the modern cottage the buttress performs no such useful 
function. In such structures there is practically no thrust to be 
resisted that cannot adequately be taken by the exterior walls. 
That these buttresses are constructed mainly for decorative effect 
is evidenced by the fact that as often as not, they are placed where 
no possible thrust is likely to occur. It has been humorously 
observed that these buttresses are introduced to provide shelter for 
the young creepers planted to grow up the cottage walls ; but even 
if this explanatory sarcasm were true some less expensive method 
could be devised for the end in view without incurring the expense of 
a useless and unnecessary decorative feature. 

The keynote of the country cottage should be simplicity. Many 
bays, gables, and wings generally, cost more than their effect warrants, 
and if the house is small will necessarily look trivial and small also. 
Breadth of effect is by no means impossible in a small house, but the 
attempt to crowd into it all the features of a large mansion invariably 
ends in disaster both to convenience and artistic effect. 

A plain roof is one of the most economical features in a country 
cottage ; once you begin to throw out bays and patch on gables you 
incur heavy and unnecessary expenditure in your roofing. More 
beauty can be secured by a well-proportioned plain roof with well- 
placed and finely designed chimney stacks than with any number of 
elaborate gables and decorated barge boards. 

It is needless to say that as the by-laws have practically killed 
thatch they have also killed the thatcher. At least his occupation in 
thatching houses is practically gone. Builders who have contracted 
to build thatched cottages are often hard put to find a competent 
man to do the roof, and when found he often has to be imported from 
a long distance. Thatch is a light material, and the roof timbers 
may consequently be smaller and fewer in number than with tiles 
or slates. It is also a good non-conductor, and keeps a house warm 
in winter and cool in summer. At a time like the present, when bed- 
rooms are so often constructed wholly or partly in the roof, this is 
a great recommendation. The principal drawback is a certain 
amount of danger from fire, which is greater in the case of new roofs 
than old ones, as the old surfaces are usually protected by mosses 
and vegetable growth, but the insurance rates for thatched cottages 
are considerably higher than for tiled or slated dwellings. Where 
by-laws are in existence thatch is usually prohibited. 

The arrangement of the rooms so that the chimney flues can be 
collected into one or two large stacks not only tends to economy, but 
also greatly increases the possibility of artistic effect. A number of 
small, spidery chimney stacks make breadth of effect quite impossible. 
Chimney stacks are better placed at the ridge of the roof than on the 
slopes, and centre stacks as a rule look better than stacks at either 
end. The doll's house with the door in the centre, a window on 
either side, three windows above them, and a chimney at either end, 

D* 27 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

is a type of cottage to be shunned. It aftbrds pleasure only to the 
infantile mind. 

A confused mixture of materials is also a thing to be avoided. It 
is no uncommon thing, nowadays, to see brick, rough-cast, wall-tiling, 
half-timber work, weather-boarding, and two kinds of roofing in one 
single cottage, for all the world as if the builder had used up the 
odd lots of material in his yard. Wall-tiling and brick consort well 
together; half-timber and brick make another scheme, and rough- 
cast may be emploj^ed for the panels between the timbers, but 
wall-tiling is best left out. Tarred weather-boarding and brick 
look well together, and wall-tiling may be added ; but rough-cast 
will not improve the scheme. As regards the roof, tiling is pre- 
eminently the best material for country cottages, unless the building 
is being erected in a stone country, when stone tiling may take its 
place ; but stone tiles should not be used on a brick building. Slates 
should never be used in the country except in a slate district, and 
then only with stone or rough-cast walls. Brick and slate cottages 
in a country district give the most dreary and " barracky " appear- 
ance to a cottage that it is possible to conceive. 

Whenever possible the local natural materials should be 
employed, and a fairly rigid application of this rule will invariably 
tend to good effect. Rough-cast is a very safe and effective finish 
in any locality, in fact, " When in doubt use rough-cast " might 
almost be made a new proverbial phrase. 

But it should be carefully done ; rough-cast in which the 
shingle appears to have arrived by accident has no place in the 
scheme of things. The rough-cast may either be left plain or lime- 
whited, according to taste, but the whitened wall usually gives the 
better effect. 

Half-timber work is one of the most abused methods of building 
now extant. The beautiful effects achieved by its use in former 
times can be seen in many counties, notably in Kent, Warwickshire, 
and Worcestershire. But the beauty obtained by sound and honest 
workmanship is rarely seen nowadays. Half-timber should be a 
substantial framework, consisting of uprights tenoned into horizontal 
sills and heads, which in their turn are secured to substantial corner 
posts, the framework being strengthened by diagonal pieces. These 
diagonals were usually curved in the old work, and these cur\-ed 
pieces are best if they are so grown. The tenons should not run 
through the timbers, but be secured by wooden pins, the heads of 
which are left projecting. All the timbers should be leftjrough from 
the saw — they are better if only roughly squared — and are simply 
treated with boiled oil or thin tar. The joints should be made with 
a mixture of red and white lead, rendered workable with a small 
amount of boiled oil. In the old work the spaces between the 
timbers were filled with brick, usually set on edge and left plain, or 
covered with plaster. In some cases the plaster panels were the 
object of interesting decorative work by the local plasterer. 

Modern half-timber, in nine cases out of ten, consists of thin 
slats of carefully planed timber nailed to the brick wall and provided 

28 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

with projecting pin-heads, the brickwork showing between the slats 
being covered with rough-cast or plaster in imitation of the old 
work. The whole thing is a disgusting sham for which no possible 
or valid excuse can be advanced. 

Too careful and precise a finish to the exterior walls rarely looks 
well ; on the other hand, the studied roughness and uncouth appear- 
ance often aimed at nowadays is irritating to the intelligence, 
as well as an insult to modern workmanship. 

Americans, judged by their technical press and writers, have 
generally recognised the superiority of English domestic work over 
similar work in their own country, and in simplicity, absence of 
ostentation, picturesqueness combined with a real sense of home, 
the English cottage, in the main, has qualities that cannot be 
assailed. But too often this exterior charm is effected at the expense 
of considerable interior convenience. 

The verandah is becoming one of the most important adjuncts to 
the English cottage home. One could wish, however, that, generally 
speaking, its treatment was a little happier. The unfortunate little 
roof supported on skeleton posts (painted white) has an uncomfort- 
able feeling that is frequently enhanced by its being seemingly stuck 
on to the main building as an afterthought. The satisfactory 
arrangement of a verandah requires some effort on the part of the 
architect, and in most of the successful cases it will be found that 
the verandah forms an integral part of the building, and, in fact, 
might more properly be called a loggia. 

In area, too, the verandah is now made more extensive than it 
used to be, and in particular the depth is greater. No doubt the 
advantage of the South African stoep as an open-air living-room 
has impressed itself on the minds of most of us, and in some of the 
modern country cottages the kitchen is planned to open on to the 
verandah so that meals can be served there in hot weather if desired. 
It need hardly be added that the roof of a verandah to be used in 
this way must be something better than the metal abominations of 
our forefathers. One might just as well be grilled in the open as 
under a tin plate. 

Balconies are almost equally difficult to place satisfactorily. 
The speculative builder is exceedingly fond of them, and they 
blossom all over his buildings in amazing fret-wood designs, usually 
too small to hold anything but flower-pots, and without any means 
of access. A long continuous balcony may be rather a nuisance, as 
it may be embarrassing to the occupants of the bedrooms to have 
people passing and repassing their windows. But a small balcony to 
a boudoir may be very much appreciated, and a balcony opening oft 
an upper landing or corridor forms a very enjoyable sitting place to 
command a good view. 

In the arrangement of the interior much depends 
"^"^ on the accommodation to be provided, and the 

1)f*wte1Ss' *yP^ °^ house— whether it is designed for a per- 
manent country home or merely for week-ends or 
the summer months. In the simplest form of week-end cottage 

29 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

there is one large living room with single fireplace, a small kitchen 
and scullery, or kitchen-scullery and offices, on the ground-floor. 
Above may be three or four bedrooms and bathroom. This type of 
cottage in a slightly larger form may have another sitting-room, and 
where money will allow, I think it is advisable to include this extra 
sitting-room, as the arrival of a visitor rather places the family in 
difficulties, there being but the one room into which he can be 
invited. This smaller sitting-room is most usefully situated in 
close proximity to the main entrance, so that it can be used as a 
reception-room. 

There are certain elementary rules in the planning of all houses, 
large or small, which may be briefly catalogued. The principal 
rooms will face south or west ; the kitchen north or east ; the larder 
and the front entrance to the north. The kitchen must be handy to 
the dining-room, and the range should be lighted from the left 
wherever possible. It is assumed that in the kitchen of cottages of 
this class top-light is outside the range of practicability. 

The living-room or sitting-hall, which is the feature of the 
majority of these cottages, can be very elaborately treated with 
ingle fire-places, window-seats, &c., according to the ideas and means 
of the owner. But the sitting-hall must not be regarded as the 
general passage-way from one room to another, as this will entirely 
destroy its comfort for living purposes. Various types of living- 
rooms and sitting-halls can be seen among the illustrations in this 
book, and detailed particulars are therefore unnecessary. 

Generally speaking, it is best to avoid as far as possible all 
corridors and landings. A corridor well treated may be made a 
great feature in a house if expense is not the main consideration. 
Spacious landings and staircases of generous build add much to the 
beauty and stateliness of a house, but in the small cottage corridors 
and landings are expensive and a waste of space. 

The English bedroom is by no means irreproachable. Con- 
sidering the length of time passed in bedrooms, their shape, cubical 
contents, window-space and ventilation are all matters of consider- 
able hygienic importance. Science would demand that our bedrooms 
should be even larger than our sitting-rooms, because of the greater 
air space required. Our forefathers of the half-timber age carried 
out this idea by making their bedrooms project beyond the living- 
rooms beneath them, though it would be too much to assert that 
they were actuated by the hygienic advantages of the extra cube 
space afforded. But at the present time the tendency is all the 
other way. We build bedrooms in the roof, and the slope of the 
roof necessarily cuts off a considerable part of the ground-floor area, 
with the result that the bedrooms are necessarily smaller than the 
living-rooms they cover. I am not insensible to the artistic or 
financial advantages to be gained by placing bedrooms in the roof, 
but this policy is nowadays frequently carried to excess. Not to 
mention that without special and costly precautions such rooms are 
very cold in winter and hot in summer. 

Architects are somewhat prone to denounce the demands of 

30 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 




Good Type of Bedroom. 

Note : Furniture is according to actual 
measurement. 



draught 




Fairly Good Type of Bedroom. 



hygiene as tyrannical. The demand 
of scientific men for larger bedrooms 
and more window space has generally 
been met with the retort that people 
should leave their bedroom windows 
open. This is a counsel of perfec- 
tion. We know perfectly well, through 
the modern treatment of tuberculosis, 
that it is quite possible, under skilled 
medical attention, for very delicate 
people to sleep in the open air. 
But such patients are always care- 
fully screened from draughts. And 
in many modern bedrooms I have 
seen I . would defy anyone to sleep 
with open windows without catching 
a violent cold or incurring perpetual 
neuralgia. It is not sufficient for the 
architect to say " Open your window " ; 
he must so arrange his bedrooms that 
there is not a continual 
across the head of the bed 

There are two main defects in 
many English bedrooms, and these 
are their shape and arrangement. 
Too often there is every indication 
that the planning of the ground- 
floor with the living rooms has been 
regarded as the " be-all and end-all " 
of the design, and the bedrooms are 
disposed as best they may over the 
rooms below them. The long narrow 
room where the bed must be set 
lengthways along the wall in order 
that one may get past it is not a 
pattern to be adopted, for the bed 
has to be moved every time it is 
made, which is neither good for the 
temper nor the floor. Equally irrita- 
ting is the bedroom which has the door in the middle of one wall, 
the fireplace in the middle of another, and the window in the 
centre of the third, so that the fourth wall, the only possible one 
against which to set the bed, is in the full line of draught 
between the door and the fireplace, the window and the fireplace, 
or the door and the window. Yet an examination of some 
thousands of plans during the last ten years shows these defects to 
be the rule rather than the exception. The idea that anything is 
good enough for a bedroom should by this time be an exploded fiction. 

The " bedrooms-in-the-roof " type of dwelling has given us some 
atrocities in the way of sleeping-places, and in one house it was my 

31 




Bad Type of Bedroom. 

From Houses designed by Arctiitects. 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

fortune, or misfortune, to visit, the only possible position for the bed 
was in the very centre of the room. Where the rest of the furniture 
was to be placed it was impossible to say, for excepting the centre 
space and a small area in the dormer window, it was impossible to 
stand upright. Such planning can only argue an entire want of 
architectural skill, or else a somewhat callous indifference of the 
comfort of the inmates in the effort to secure exterior effect. 

But in the conception of a home there is one point on which 
the American architect outshines his English confrere, and that is 
the provision of cupboards. When the Millbanlv dwellings of the 
London County Council were opened by the King and Queen a few 
years ago, it was left for Her Majesty to remark on the absence of 
cupboard accommodation — a criticism which was said at the time to 
have been taken to heart by the august body concerned. Whether 
the more recent erections of the Council show an improvement in 
this respect, I cannot say ; but the absence of adequate cupboard 
accommodation is still a lamentable feature in the domestic work 
of even the most gifted English architects. True, in one of the 
houses I have lately seen there are no fewer than twenty-eight 
cupboards ; but this is an exception, and the house was designed for 
a lady by that very practical man, Mr. Voysey, so that this instance 
is perhaps reasonably accounted for. And in the majority of cases 
where cupboards are provided they are so small and awkward as to 
prove more of a nuisance than a blessing. 

Now the American believes in cupboards, large ones, and plenty 
of them. Very often these are contrived by planning a space two 
or three feet wide between two bedrooms; half this space forms a 
cupboard for one bedroom, and half a cupboard for the other. INIuch 
more ingenuity, too, is shown in the planning of the bedroom floors 
to afford cupboard space than is the case with English houses. Why 
the English house should continue to be cursed with that abomina- 
tion in furniture, the wardrobe, it is difficult to say. It is cumbersome 
and heavy, and usually too small to hold one quarter of the things 
that one desires to put in it. Fitted bedrooms are not unknown 
here ; but they are practically confined to the largest and most 
expensive houses, whereas proper storage accommodation is a 
necessity in every house, and even more important in the small 
house or country cottage than in the mansion. This is very 
generally recognised by the American architect, and he frequently 
increases the inevitably limited storage accommodation of the 
country cottage by providing drawers under the stairs. 

TIMBER "^^^ question of timber in building is daily becoming 
GENERALLY m^re serious and difficult. The world's supply of this 
useful material is now being used up so rapidly that 
adequate time cannot be allowed for its proper seasoning. For this 
reason door-frames warp and twist, door-panels shrink and split, and all 
timber work is liable to seasoning defects. Even English oak, which 
for so long has had a reputation for undeviating rectitude, is being 
discarded by some architects owing to its liability to shiver and split. 
Elm is coming into fashion again, and the old cottage door of elm 

32 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

slabs has been used in a number of modern cottages. Elm is a useful 
wood for weather-boarding, but it has a tendency to curl at the edges, 
and this must be guarded against by careful fastening. 

Austrian oak is being largely used where oak is required ; but the 
use of imported oak will probably not appeal to the average English- 
man. Deal we have always with us, and good honest painted deal 
is much to be preferred to deal masquerading as something better. 
Deal can, however, be stained to pleasing and decorative colours 
without attempting the imitation of other woods. The use of the more 
precious and valuable timbers for decorative purposes is, of course, 
entirely one of cost, and depends on the amount of money available 
for building. 

One difficulty of the modern cottage-owner is his floors. 

Stained and polished floors are very generally desired for 
decorative effect ; but too often such alarming spaces, not to say 
cavities, appear between the floorboards, that the continuance of a 
stained floor seems out of the question. Here again the seasoning 
difficulty crops up, and frequently floorboards properly put down and 
cramped up during laying will afterwards shrink and disclose unsightly 
spaces. If such floors exist on the ground level it is more than likely 
that they will be exceedingly dusty as well as cold by reason of the 
passage of air through the air-bricks provided for proper ventilation 
under the ground floors. With a floor very defective in this respect, 
practically the only efficient remedy is to take up the boards and 
relay the floor. To some extent the evil may be prevented by the 
use of grooved and tongued boarding, or by laying very narrow 
boarding well cramped up before fixing. But both expedients are a 
little more costly than the ordinary practice. Similarly, spaces 
between the floorboards and the bottom of the skirting may be 
prevented by the latter being tongued into the floor, and another and 
cheaper method is to nail a grooved fillet to the floor round the walls 
and fit the tongue of the skirting into the groove. See Preface 
for note on sound deafening in floors. 

For kitchen and scullery floors tiles or the old-fashioned red brick 
floors are very desirable, but it is essential that they be laid on 
concrete, and with proper fall to one corner so that if washed or 
swilled out the water will run to that corner and may then be drained 
through a small aperture in the wall into a gulley outside. Gullies 
must on no account be set inside the house. The tile floors of the 
speculative builder are laid on a thin bedding of ashes spread over the 
roughly levelled surface of the bare earth, with the result that the tiles 
rapidly become uneven through the settling of the ground, and in 
wet weather become damp and cold through the wet rising from the 
soil. With such floors the skirtings will be of cement, unless, of 
course, tiled or glazed brick linings are provided for the walls. 
Where paved floors are provided it is better that they should be a 
step lower in level than the rest of the house to prevent any possi- 
bility of water overflowing. 

Kitchen floors, it is true, are not generally designed with a view 
to swilling ; but from a hygienic point of view this is a very desirable 

33 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

thing, and would contribute much to the coolness and sweetness of 
the room during hot weather. A daily swill, aided by a mop, would 
occasion far less fatigue than the laborious scrubbing which is other- 
wise inevitable. 

Tiles, though pleasing in an artistic sense, are not the only form 
of paving suitable for interior floors. Concrete, usually with a granite 
surface, is frequently employed, but is apt to be slippery, especially to 
anyone turning quickly. Terrazzo and marble squares make handsome 
floors ; too elaborate for kitchens and sculleries, though very suitable 
for vestibules, corridors, verandahs, lavatories, bathrooms and the 
best water-closets. But these floors are costly, and in the majority 
of cases may be ruled out of the question. 

Mr. C. F. A. Voysey, in his own house, has the floors of his 
sitting hall, kitchen, etc., paved with large slabs of Delabole slate, 
the pleasing grey colour forming an excellent decorative feature ; the 
slate is not, as might be supposed, unpleasant to walk upon, but it is 
comparatively expensive. Wood-block and parquet floors are likewise 
expensive, and it is doubtful if they are not too elaborate to find a 
place in a country cottage. 

For the principal floors of many of the new artizans' cottages at 
the Garden City wood blocks have been used, and it is stated that 
while the first cost is greater their length of life makes the provision 
an economical one. This statement has, however, been openly 
scouted by many practical builders. 

It would be difficult, on the score of health, to improve on stained 
and varnished floors for bedrooms, with rugs laid where necessary. 
But it must not be forgotten that it is difficult when washing to avoid 
splashing on the floor, and occasionally water is spilt with infinite 
risk to the ceilings underneath. Some impervious covering is 
therefore required under and round the washstand. 

Of late years there has been rather a vehement repudia- 
tion of the high and narrow window of the Georgian 
period by some of our best architects ; so vehement that one wonders 
if they have quite a sound case, on other than artistic grounds, for 
turning the Georgian frame on its side and making the modern 
window long and low. On hygienic grounds there is much to be said 
for the older window, which made it possible to ventilate the top of a 
room while still inhabiting it. Three, and sometimes four, feet of wall 
above the latest windows constitutes a dead area in the top of the 
room, from which it is difficult to move the foetid air without opening 
door and window, and raising an unbearable draught. 

In the country, where one spends so much time in the open air, 
the ventilation question is not so exigent as in the towns, and so 
largely escapes attention ; but the principle of the thing is not less 
true on this account, and in wet or cold weather, when outdoor life is 
impossible, the modern cottage room can acquire a stuffiness that 
must be experienced to be appreciated. The casement window, 
however, has many advantages, and numbers of people who have 
once tried them would never put up with the sash window again. 

The main consideration in the treatment of the window itself is 

34 




^filii 



FIRST PRIZE DETACHED COTTAGE, CLEVELEYS, LANGS. 
ALBERT £. DONE, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-cast, with hollow walls. Roof covered with red hand-made tiles. 
Casement windows with leaded lights. Cost, ^^285 to ;^300. See p. 61. 




SECOND PRIZE DETACHED COTTAGE, CLEVELEYS, LANCS. 
BERTRAM DRUMMOND. Architect, 

Built with hollow walls of brick, upper part rough-cast. Roof covered with red tiles. Casement windows. Cost, ;^325. 
See p. 61. 



35 




36 





A PAIR OF COTTAGES AT LETCHWORTH. 
M. H. BAILLIE SCOTT, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, and roofed with old tiles. Porch in half-timber work. Cost, ;^550 for the pair. See p. 62 



37 




^Miiiiiii!!! 



S-H.4, 





IHJ iHj 




CQ.QWrHC3 pL.>*>f 



COTTAGE AT EPPING, ESSEX. 

JOHN VI. RHODES. Architect. 



FIRST F'-QOa. Pu/>.ri 



Built of red brick, upper portion of half-timber, with rough-cast panels over brick-nogging. Roof covered with 
red tiles. Cost, just under /400. See p. 63. 



38 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

to keep the panes small. Large sheets of glass never look well, and 
their tendency is to make the cottage appear much smaller than it 
really is. Large panes also detract from the cottage-like appearance 
that most people desire, besides being more costly to replace if 
broken. 

Leaded lights and metal casements are increasing in popularity. 
These, with plain oak frames, have a special value in rural districts 
where skilled labour is difficult to procure. If the house walls are 
half-timber or rough-cast, the woodwork can easily be coated periodi- 
cally with a little boiled oil and the rough-cast limewhited, and both 
jobs are within the capacity of the average handyman. The repaint- 
ing question is not therefore fraught with the difficulties that occur in 
connection with wooden sashes. The leaded light is, however, more 
difficult to repair when broken ; but the elasticity of the leads saves 
the glass from many a breakage. Coloured glass should be very 
sparingly used, if at all. Even the cathedral tinted variety can make 
itself very troublesome in a decorative scheme. 

The question of jalousies or shutters to the windows must be left to 
the discretion of the cottage builder. Jalousies are only occasionally 
needed in this country, and their use must be determined by preference 
or questions of cost. It must be admitted that they often add to the 
appearance of a cottage, and are more in keeping than the sun-blind, 
which too often is put up after the place is built, and ruins the appear- 
ance of the window. Jalousies and shutters can be utilised as an 
additional means of protection to the lower windows in lonely places. 
But jalousies cannot be fitted with casement windows unless these 
open inwards, and this is unusual. 

Doors are one of the most troublesome features of the 
modern house, being especially liable to damage from 
shrinkage and splitting in the wood. The ordinary panelled door 
is a great offender in this respect. To have the doors well made is a 
sine qua non. Nothing is so troublesome to remedy as a split panel 
or a warped frame. In some of the newer cottages a return has been 
made to the ledged and braced doors of the old cottages, and the 
split panel difficulty is therefore avoided. At the same time the wood 
soon warps, sometimes in the most alarming manner. There is a 
patent door on the market which is built up of layers of wood, the 
direction of grain in each layer being opposite to that of the layer 
next it ; the whole is consolidated by pressure. By this means the 
tendency to shrinkage and warping is counteracted. 

The folding door is an early Victorian abomination, happily 
becoming extinct. Where it is desired to afford some means of 
throwing two rooms into one sliding doors are far preferable. In this 
case the aperture is closed by two doors sliding into grooves formed 
in the walls on either side of the aperture. In America this is 
becoming a very common expedient, and the convenience is great, as 
two or three comparatively small rooms can be turned into one large 
apartment, capable of containing, on an occasion such as a wedding 
or an at home, quite a large circle of friends. The difficulty of 
conducting a similar festivity in the average English home does not 



E" 



39 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

bear enlarging upon. Of course some amount of privacy may be 
sacrificed ; a wooden door cannot be relied on to be as sound-proof as 
a solid wall (not that English partition walls, in the main, are 
remarkable for solidity or sound-proof qualities) ; still, judging from 
his Press, the average American is not so intolerant of intrusion into 
his private affairs as we are. 
^^^.,^^ The value of good grates and stoves is known to all 

STOVES -^ o • r 

housewives. Quite recently an official test of a large 
number of grates was carried out at the Local Government Offices in 
Whitehall, and five firms were commended for stoves that passed 
severe tests for small coal consumption and smoke production, 
compared with the heat produced and oxygen consumed. As regards 
coal cellarage, in remote districts, it is sometimes real economy to 
buy coal by the truck-load in the summer, and sufficient accommoda- 
tion may therefore have to be provided for at least eight tons of coal 
at one time. 

The average kitchen fittings comprise, beside the range, 
FITTINGS ^ dresser and a few cupboards. In the twentieth century 

these things should show some modification and improve- 
ment. The dresser is generally intended to hold the china in 
ordinary use ; but this would be far better placed in a dust-proof 
cupboard. If the dresser were made as a cupboard with close-fitting 
glass-panelled doors, more like a china cabinet intended for old and 
valuable specimens, much unnecessary washing of crockery-ware 
would be obviated. It is better if a proper pantry can be provided 
for the china and glass, with a sink, etc., for the washing of these 
articles, but in a country cottage it is not always possible to afford 
the room. In such a room drawers for holding the plate, table 
cloths, dusters, etc., should also be fitted, and if it forms a servery 
ample counter or flap accommodation should be provided for setting 
down trays and dishes. 

Cupboards are generally set in the kitchen where it is thought 
they will not be in the way. This is quite the wrong method of 
regarding cupboards. If necessary, the whole of one side or end 
of kitchen or scullery should be cupboards, not cupboards contrived 
under the stairs, which, from their nature, are most awkward to use. 
These cupboards need not be exceptionally deep, but should contain 
the stores in current use. If there is no other position the store 
cupboard can be placed here also — fitted with shelves about nine 
or ten inches deep or divided into pigeon-holes, so that the various 
stores can be separated, and the mistress of the house can see 
practically at a glance what things require replenishing. In the 
scullery there should be a cleaning cupboard, so arranged that 
the various brooms, brushes, dustpans, etc., can be hung up, a locker 
provided for the housemaid's box, and shelves for the boot brushes, 
blacking, polishing paste, and drawers for clean and dirty rags, etc. 
Here, again, the cupboards should be provided with some thought of 
the purposes for which they will be required. 

The sink is the most important article in the scullery ; it should 
have good big draining boards on either side and plate racks over the 

40 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

draining boards. A copper should be provided and space for a 
mangle, as some washing, as of kitchen cloths, etc., can always 
be profitably done at home, even if the bulk of the washing is sent to 
the laundry. If space is limited, it pays to provide a good big flap, 
hinged to the wall, that can be set up for ironing or other work. Gas 
stoves should also be considered ; in spite of the utmost cleanliness, 
gas stoves give off the most disagreeable fumes, and a big hood should 
therefore be provided over the stove with a flue to carry off' these vapours. 
It is desirable that the sink be placed in front of a window ; but 
the walls round should be faced with glazed bricks or tiles, not just a 
course or two but for at least three feet above and on either side 
of the sink. If it is intended to do the whole of the washing at home 
a glazed wash-tub fixture is a useful addition to the scullery. 

Proportion is rather a curse in the design of stair- 
STAIRCASES cases. The grand staircases and flights of steps in 

public buildings demand a wide tread and low rise, 
and it is amusing and instructive to watch how many people stumble 
up such steps because they have, by instinct, become accustomed to 
the more modest and different dimensions of the stairs in their own 
homes. A dignified staircase adds much to the appearance of a 
home, but in a cottage four feet will be about the maximum width. 
As a rule stairs look best if viewed sideways, the balusters and newel 
posts being then more in evidence, and the architect will contrive his 
stairs to the best advantage ; needless to add, on the design of the 
balusters, etc., much of the effect depends. The main defect with 
the balusters is to get them too thin and spidery. 

Winders in the stairs are a nuisance, and should never be em- 
ployed unless absolutely necessary. They are a source of danger, and 
difficult to fit the carpets over. Square landings are much to be 
preferred. Staircases should always be well lighted ; windows arranged 
to come at the landings are useful, especially if fitted with a window 
seat, which is useful to old or infirm people who find climbing stairs 
troublesome. Twelve steps should be the maximum number in 
one flight. 
INCLE NOOKS '^^^ ingle-nook now finds a place in almost every 

country cottage. Personally, I think the ingle-nook 
is a somewhat over-rated feature of the modern home. It boasts of a 
comfort that it rarely possesses. The seats seem inviting enough to 
tired limbs, but their hard wooden outlines afford little comfort. 
Often the backs are too straight or the seat not deep enough. A 
multitude of cushions are required to pad round the susceptible 
points of one's anatomy — with the result that barely sufficient seat is 
then left to sil on. From the structural point of view the ingle-nook 
also brings the fireplace out of relation with the room, and it not 
infrequently happens that while the nook itself is too insufferably hot 
to be habitable, the rest of the room is hardly warm enough for comfort. 
■ The mere recessing of the fireplace, and the placing of the seats is 
not sufficient to make a comfortable ingle-nook. But it is satisfactory 
to note that the ingle-nook is now generally designed by the architect, 
and is not the artistic ! fitment of the general furnisher. 

41 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

It is an old axiom that the most expensive plumbing 

^Rp'^^r^ is the cheapest in the end. Good drainage well laid, 

MENTS ' ^^^^ ^°'^ ^"'^ rain-water pipes and good fittings will, 

despite first cost, pay for themselves in life, comfort 

and appearance. 

In the matter of bathrooms we are reverting to the luxury of the 
Romans. In fact, educated people look upon their baths as an 
enjoyable pleasure, and not, like many of our forefathers, as a 
necessary but troublesome item of cleanliness to be undertaken with 
fear and trembling and extraordinary preparations and precautions. 
This desirable feeling has resulted in the provision of larger and 
better bathrooms. Marble bathrooms with the marble bath sunk in 
the floor, having steps down, have already made their appearance, 
and the nickel fittings, etc., now made for bathrooms represent 
gradual return to Augustan magnificence. 

The porcelain bath is a beautiful thing in itself, but takes more 
heating than a metal one ; this fact must be remembered in connection 
with the hot water arrangements. It further emphasises the necessity 
for placing the bathroom and the linen closet in close proximity to 
the kitchen range so that the pipes of the hot water system may be as 
short as possible, and the chance of losing heat minimised. Person- 
ally, I have never found any hot water system satisfactory^ in the 
matter of hot baths ; unless a big fire in the kitchen range is kept 
going for a considerable time (in the summer this occasions much 
discomfort) the water never seems hot. Moreover, one bath exhausts 
the stock of hot water for some time, and a continuous supply of hot 
vvater is an impossibility. 

Wherever there is a gas supply I prefer the geyser. The misuse 
of the geyser has brought about some fatalities it is true, but a geyser, 
fitted with a proper vent pipe carr3'ing the combustion fumes into the 
open air, will, under intelligent management, be found an immense 
boon. Not that a geyser requires a superhuman intelligence to work 
it ; no more sense is required than is necessary in the manipulation 
of a kettle of boiling water to prevent one scalding oneself. If the 
geyser can be placed in a ventilated lobby outside the bathroom, so 
that foolish people cannot tamper with it, so much the better. If 
necessarily fitted in the bathroom some means of ventilation might be 
provided outside the control of stupid people. 

A complete system of hot water heating with radiators is not 
usual in the English country cottage, and the American practice in 
this respect is not germane, owing to the differences of climate in the 
two countries. But where a heating system is required a boiler is 
necessary, and this may be utilised to supply hot water for baths also. 
The only thing against the arrangement is the fact that the heating 
apparatus is not required in the summer, and hot baths are. 

A lavatory on the ground floor, with a hot or cold supply or cold 
supply alone, is a great convenience, for gardening operations or 
games are apt to leave one with dirty hands, and washing in bed- 
rooms during the day means much extra work for the ser^'ants, not 
to mention the inconvenience, and wear and tear of stair-carpets. If 

42 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

the ground floor lavatory cannot be contrived a lavatory basin in the 
bathroom may meet the difficulty. 

In small houses the water closet is often placed in the bathroom. 
Though there is little in this to cavil at, considering the excellence of 
modern fittings, there is much to be said on the ground of convenience, 
as both fixtures may be required for use at the same time. 

Slate shelves are best for larders, and perforated zinc makes the 
best kind of window. If money will allow tiled or glazed brick walls 
might well be used for the larder walls. The importance of keeping 
the food amid hygienic and clean surrounding does not need 
emphasising. 

Most of the interior walls will be the ordinary plaster walls 
WALLS covered with selected papers. If money is not an imme- 
diate object some rooms, such as the sitting-hall and 
dining-room, may be panelled in oak, or deal stained and polished or 
painted. Picture rails are a great boon, and not very expensive, and 
chair rails prevent many an unsightly mark on the paper or damage 
to the plaster. The division of the wall surface into dado, filling and 
frieze is largely a matter, however, for the artistic skill of the architect. 

In sculleries, kitchens, larders, bathrooms and closets, practical 
considerations of cleanliness demand a washable surface. Plain or 
tinted limewash is considered good enough for sculleries and pantries ; 
kitchens, bathrooms, &c., may have a varnished paper. Limewashed 
walls are exceedingly troublesome ; they are easily marked and 
rapidly dirtied ; they cannot be washed, and the limewash soils the 
clothes of anyone who brushes against it. The washable distempers 
now upon the market in nearly every imaginable shade have done 
much, however, to remove the objections urged. 

In certain directions the owner may elaborate the 
rFNFPAi'i^v' ii^terior of his cottage, but in certain directions only. 
The cottage exterior with the palace interior is an 
artistic solecism that should never be contemplated. But it has 
been done, though fortunately the majority of cottage builders are 
rarely so blessed, with this world's goods that they can pay for such 
freaks. In certain directions, however, there is a legitimate field for 
artistic effort. Plaster work, for instance. Even the humblest 
cottage may enshrine some delicate bit of plaster modelling on the 
principal ceilings or in the form of a frieze. Some of the old 
cottages near Bristol and in Barnstaple contain some quaint efforts 
in this direction, presumably by local workmen, very ambitious in 
intention and mostly Biblical in subject. I cannot say that Adam 
and Eve in the garden of Eden forms quite the best motif for 
representation in plaster, nor the kind of decoration one would 
recommend for the country cottage ; but flower and fruit motifs are 
very largely employed at the present day, and local flora and fauna 
would make a most appropriate decoration. 

The woodwork of the cottage offers, too, an opportunity for 
skilled decoration. Carving in low relief, or some good simple 
mouldings may be introduced sparingly ; but one should not 
attempt to imitate the highest flights of Grinling Gibbons. Panel- 

43 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

ling should never be elaborate ; plain surfaces have an artistic as well 
as an hygienic value. Many beautiful effects can be obtained by the 
use of inlay. Chimney-pieces and doors may also be included in 
the objects for careful design, and the metal-work (the lighting 
fixtures, door-plates, handles, knockers, bell-pushes, hinges, and 
other metal included under the title of door furniture) offers 
immense possibilities for the expression of art. It is by the dis- 
cretion and restraint exhibited in the choice of these appurtenances 
that the cottage dweller may proclaim his intelligence and refine- 
ment to the world. As the parodist of Lovelace says : 

" Gilt wall does not a mansion make, 
Nor Louis Seize a home.'' 

Before proceeding to the actual consideration and 
description of examples of the British Country Cottages 
it is perhaps in place to say a word about the care of 
the cottage. The servant question is always with us, and in the 
past was hardly sufficiently considered. The old race of servants 
who laboured from six o'clock in the morning till eleven o'clock or 
after at night with hardly any cessation or rest, is now extinct ; and 
the new order is exceedingly exacting on the question of hours and 
the volume of work. As the number of servants in a country cottage 
will be small, it is well to consider this fact, and to remember that 
much may be done to minimise the necessary work of cleaning if 
modern materials and expedients are employed in the construction 
of the dwelling. Possibly something considered absolutely essential 
by the most advanced artistic cult may have to be sacrificed ; but 
comfort must be set before what, in many cases, are only fads. 

For instance, in the higher cult there is an outcry against glazed 
surfaces. So white enamel has had to give way to flatted white, 
the former being twice as easy to clean as the latter. As I am no 
admirer of finger marks on white surfaces, I advocate white enamel. 
Where any surface can reasonably be of glazed or washable material, 
make it glazed or washable. Avoid ledges, avoid fretwork cosy 
corners, and elaborate mouldings ; have solid balustrades to the 
stairs if necessary, and generally banish all those resting-places for 
dirt and dust that takes a household half its time to keep clean. 
Stained floors, and rugs or squares that can be easily taken outside 
and beaten, are far preferable to the " all over " carpet which accumu- 
lates dirt and can never be moved without taking out all the furniture. 
Put an embargo on elaborate metal fittings that require continual 
and laborious cleaning. The additional comfort will always com- 
pensate for much that is lost from an artistic point of view, and truth 
to tell, in endeavouring to minimise the labour of the household one 
will escape much abominably bad art. 

Special care should also be exercised in the selection of materials 
that they are suitable for their position and purpose, and not easily 
dirtied or discoloured by wear or contact. As an instance I might 
mention stone door jambs, where people are likely to lean against 
them. The doorways and walls of a well-known recently built theatre 
have now an ugly greasy mark on them up to about four feet from the 

44 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

ground, caused by the queues of people waiting for the doors to open. 
Kitchen and scullery walls are subject to severe knocks, and ordinary 
lime plaster is not equal to such hard wear. If a glazed brick dado — 
and preferably one of salt-glazed bricks, as these are not so prone to 
"craze" or chip — were fixed, these rooms would be structurally 
improved, and the possibilities of cleanliness enhanced. Very 
frequently the big firms of glazed brick makers have small remainders 
of certain colours left over which can be purchased cheaply, and I 
have heard of a speculative builder who regularly bought up such lots 
for use in his houses. 

As to furniture much might be written. Architects 
have often to deplore the hopelessly bad and incon- 
gruous furniture that is put into rooms on which they have expended 
much time and thought. Needless to say old cottage furniture looks 
best in a cottage ; but if the purse does not run to old furniture, new 
furniture modelled on the old patterns can always be obtained. It 
is better to buy good furniture that is openly and avowedly new than 
be deceived by unscrupulous dealers with sham new stuff at antique 
prices. It is perhaps too much to ask that the architect be given a 
voice in the selection of the furniture. Yet how much better it 
would be if this were the rule. 



45 



CHAPTER III. 

THE QUESTION OF COST. 

I HAVE left to a separate chapter some consideration of the question 
of cost. For probably in connection with the subject of country 
cottages there is no point so important, and withal so little under- 
stood by the layman, as the suiting of ways to means. If this book 
has any other purpose beside bringing some examples of small 
modern country homes before the public, it is the vindication of the 
" Art " architect as a designer well able to produce houses at a reason- 
able figure. No further proofs were needed than that afforded by 
a study of the examples shown, for all the architects whose work 
is here illustrated were specially selected, and requested to suggest 
the examples by which they are represented. They do not embrace, 
by any means, the whole of the designers who were invited, and the 
work of whom would have been a welcome addition to that shown ; 
but it must be understood that many could not contribute examples 
within the limits of size and cost set out for the book. 

Still these examples will have fulfilled their purpose if they 
convince readers that the speculative builder is not the only individual 
who can build at a reasonable figure ; I despair of ever bringing home 
to the public the fact that the speculative builder never gets value for 
his money. And yet nothing is more true. To wander over any 
speculative property, built or in building, is to find a tale of lament- 
able things, ill done ; a record of good bricks wrongly and crookedly 
laid with good mortar ; of good wood and mouldings slashed as with 
a hatchet rather than cut with a saw ; of good material wasted by 
villainous plumbing. And all to save a few pounds by the employ- 
ment of small piece-work workmen whose interest in their work is 
limited to the minimum time in which they can achieve an appearance 
of having done it. 

True the speculator is improving. He has been known to com- 
mission a design from a good architect, but by no means can he be 
induced to carry it out as it was designed. His improvements and 
alterations all tend as a rule to obliterate the merits of the design 
prepared for him, and here again the question is one often of saving 
trouble rather than cost. It is so much easier to order stock window 
frames from a cheap wood or joinery firm than have well-designed ones 
made to order, though the difiference of cost on the large number 
would probably be nil. 

But with the sins of the speculator and his lamentable want of 
taste I am not here so much concerned, except to warn readers 
against him. Perhaps one little tale told to me in the course of 
preparing this book, may form a more eloquent sermon than I 

46 




»Bot>5i IMIUKwS'V -0= i.IU^MT^O'I^irE c-mS^j^ 




BOLNHURST," LLANFAIRFECHAN, N. WALES. 
H. L. NORTH, Architect. 

Built of stone, rough-casted, with " Carreg-Mwswg" or Moss slate roof. Cost ;!;^404. See p. 63. 



47 




? u 



. H 



W ^ 



o -2 






o ^. " 2 

>- o =; — 

oc * d ~ 

o g -S ii 

" £ rt 



48 




4 BEDROOMS ON FIRST FLOOR 



COTTAGE AT POLEBROOK, HEVER, KENT. 
ROBERT WEIR SCHULTZ, Architect. 

Lower part of brick, limewhited, upper part of weather-tiling on battens. Red tiles on roof. About 
two-thirds of materials were old, from a former cottage. Cost, £2'jo, without allowing for the 
old materials. See p. 63. 



49 






GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



UPPER FLOOR PLAN. 



BUNGALOW, MARSH LOCK. 

JOHN W. FAIR and VAL MYER, Archilects. 

Built of local brick, roughcasted, with red sand faced tiles on roof. Cost on application to the Architects. 
See p. 63. 



SO 






PAIR OF COTTAGES AT RIPLEY, SURREY, 
HORACE FIELD, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-cast with red tile roof and tile hung gables. Built for better class workmen ; but suitable 

for modest week-end homes or golfers' cottages. Cost of the two, just under ;£'6oo. See p. 64. 



51 





GROUND PLAN. 



pCDBOOM 



13 



BCD m\^' 



DOW« 



m m\A 



UPPER FLOOR PLAN. 



BUNGALOW, ROTHERFIELD PEPPARD. OXON. 
JOHN W. FAIR and VAL MYER, Architects. 

Built of local brick, white-washed, with sawn-framing to the gables. Roof covered with old red tiles. Cost on 
application to the Architects. See p. 64. 



52 




THE ENTRANCE FRONT. (For Rear Vieu, see next page.) 





COTTAGES AT BRAMLEY, SURREY, 
HORACE FIELD, Archilect. 

Built of brick, rougli-casted for lower storey ; red tiles, hung, upper storey and roofs. Intended for gardener 
and coachman ; but of a type used by golfers and others. Cost of the two, ^665. See p. 64. 



53 




TWO COTTAGES AT BRAMLEY, SURREY. REAR VIEW. ISeeap. 53 and. 64.) 
HORACE FIELD, Aickitect. 




"little gravels," BURGHCLERE. entrance front. {See next page.) 
FRANCIS BACON, JUNR., Architect. 



54 





GROUND F 
PLAN. 




BASEMENT PLAN. 



LITTLE GRAVELS," BURGHCLERE, HANTS. 
FRANCIS BACON, JUNR., Architect. 

Built of red-baked local bricks, with roofing of rye-straw 14 inches thick. Cost, ^^550, including a well and 
drainage. See p. 64. 



55 




VIEW OF BUNGALOW COSTING £300, IN THE OETZMANN SERIES. 




PLAN OF BUNGALOW COSTING i£500-£550. SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MESSRS. OETZMANN & CO, 

W/tf, HENR'/ WHITE. Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-cast, witli red tiled roof, and \vron,£;ht iron casement windows with leaded 
lights. See p. 60. 



56 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

could write. Three maiden sisters commissioned a well-known archi- 
tect to design them a small home with specified accommodation. A 
design was got out for a cottage well within the fixed limit of cost, 
about ;^8oo, but when this was presented the ladies exhibited every 
symptom of timidity, and finally dismissed their architect on the 
specious plea that the commission was too small for a man of his 
calibre. These unfortunate people were later on much astonished to 
learn from their solicitor that one cannot waste even an architect's 
time without paying for it ; but this by the way. Finally they got 
into the clutches of a speculative builder, who erected for them a 
perfectly atrocious house at a cost of some ;^i,2oo, much to their 
solicitor's disgust, and the amusement of those who heard the 
story. 

There is a moral in this tale, which is illustrative of the timidity 
of the average client unused to building operations. Cost is too often 
the deterrent to a man perfectly able to build, but yet unwilling to 
venture. For among the general public it has become almost an 
axiom that to employ an architect is to mortgage your last shilling, 
and if you must have one it is best to employ a good business man, 
one with a head for figures if devoid of taste. " The artistic tempera- 
ment is so unreliable, you know " ; I have heard this complaint dozens 
of times. That there must be some foundation for this grievance is 
an inevitable conclusion ; there cannot be so much smoke without 
fire. But an investigation into some of these cases will, more often 
than not, reveal faults on the part of the client. That individual 
frequently expects more for his money than can possibly be provided ; 
and when the work has been started often desires to make all kinds 
of changes and alterations, which are both difficult and expensive. 
But nothing will convince him that the increased cost is due to any 
action of his. Clients should remember to be extremely frank with 
their architect on the question of money. Stipulate the exact 
amount you are prepared to spend, including the architect's fees and 
extras. Make up your mind what accommodation you want ; and 
once you have signed the contract and the building has commenced, 
do not depart from the plans. The builder bases his calculations 
on the contract plans and specifications, and orders his materials on 
them. He cannot be expected to waste materials because the client 
suddenly changes his mind. And most builders look on extras as 
a legitimate opportunity for increased profit. 

If a good architect is sometimes to blame for an unwarranted 
bill for extras, it will frequently be found that he has endeavoured by 
some minor alterations to improve on his original plan. In fact, the 
architect who cannot find opportunities for improvement as the 
building goes up is no true designer. Every good artist is dissatisfied 
with his work ; it is this divine discontent with his accomplished work 
that spurs him on to greater efforts. Herein the architect is the 
most hampered of artists, for his medium is costly and immense. 
Painters can destroy a canvas with small material loss ; sculptors 
can model and remodel their clay ; the etcher loses materially but his 
copperplate, but the architect cannot pull down his building and 

G 57 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

erect better. Still no architect would deliberately gratify his artistic 
ambitions by alterations at his client's expense. 

It will be of material importance for the client to remember that 
the cost oi building has risen by about 30 per cent, in the last thirty 
years. The reports of strikes among building artisans, the efforts of 
trades unions for more money and shorter hours, which the average 
man may have noted from time to time in his paper for years past, 
have had their influence upon the cost of the dwelling which he now 
proposes to erect, and not only is the cost of skilled labour immensely 
greater, but the cost of materials has also risen. 

It is not intended here to go into minute calculations as to the 
cost of houses of different sizes — the houses illustrated, with their cost 
given, will be more satisfactory as showing what has been done and 
for what money. There are many indeterminate factors, such as the 
cost of cartage, the nature of the site and foundations, the distance 
of the connections to water and gas mains, the extent of fencing 
required, etc., which have a considerable bearing on the ultimate 
expenditure, and these cannot be considered in a theoretical calcu- 
lation. Also the condition of the building trade in the neighbourhood. 
If work is slack a builder will often tender at a low figure to get a 
contract and keep his works going. If he has much work in hand 
he requires a much bigger profit to take on other liabilities — more 
especially as a large amount of work gives him less opportunity for 
that personal supervision that guards against loss. 

As a last word — the work here shown is work that is eagerly 
illustrated in American journals, and finds a place in publications sub- 
sidised by the German Government for the study and benefit of 
German architects and students. Elsewhere British domestic work 
is looked up to and admired, and there are symptoms that one day the 
Briton generally may find beauties in it to which he is at present blind. 
As one of the architects writes to me : " You will observe that I lay 
great stress upon the cost. I do this because so many people imagine 
that house building cannot be decently done except at great expense, 
and that architects with fads {i.e. a sense of decency) run up the cost 
of building. I think that these three houses will show accommoda- 
tion that will compare very favourably with some which have been 
erected (usually by speculative builders) without the same considera- 
tion for aesthetic qualities." 



58 



CHAPTER IV. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF COTTAGES COSTING FROM ;^200 TO ;^I,000. 

Coming now to the descriptions of cottages actually erected it will be 
convenient to explain here that it was considered desirable to limit 
the maximum cost to /^3,5oo. Beyond this cost the term cottage 
would hardly apply, although the cost of a house is a very relative 
matter, for on quite a simple type of dwelling quite a large sum could 
be spent in fitting and decoration. Though very elaborate fitting in 
a small house is out of place, the employment of distinguished artists 
for quite simple decoration would soon run up the cost. 

The cottages illustrated have been divided into three groups, 
according to cost — the first, from /^20o (the practical minimum for 
this class of cottage) to ;^i,ooo, being described in this chapter; those 
costing from ^i,ooo to ^2,000 being described in Chapter V., and 
those from ^2,000 upwards in Chapter VI. The exact costs have, 
whenever possible, been given ; but in some cases the owners have 
withheld permission for the publication of these figures, usually 
because the property has been built for a speculative purpose or with 
a view to ultimate sale. In such cases the architects have kindly 
consented to give the cost to anyone genuinely interested. 

First Prize "£150 Cottage," Letchworth, Herts. 
Percy B. Houfton, Architect. {See p. 25.) 

This is a thoroughly well-built cottage, but (as has already been 
stated) its cost was not ;^i5o in the general acceptation of the phrase. 
The priced bill of quantities showed that the cottage had actually 
been erected for that sum, but the prices gave the bare cost of the 
materials only, without the builder's profit — usually reckoned at 
10 per cent. — and architect's fees. Further, fencing and other items 
were not allowed for. The actual cost would therefore amount to 
about £175, and this may be taken as the lowest sum for which a 
middle-class country home can be erected. Even then the accom- 
modation is by no means ideal — a living-room, a working-kitchen and 
three bedrooms, the accommodation aimed at for an agricultural 
labourer. The cottage is, however, roomy, in this respect presenting 
an agreeable contrast to many of the other competing cottages, and 
there is no waste space. A family, to whom cost was a consideration, 
might find this suitable to their needs. The walls are of brick, rough- 
casted, and the timber of deal throughout, the outside woodwork being 
painted green. Mr. Houfton is represented by another example in 
this book, expressly designed for a country middle-class home. 

59 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

Bungalows specially designed for Messrs. Oetzmann & Co. 
Wm. Henry White, Architect. {Sec pp. zb and ^6.) 

The big furnishing firms have not been unmindful of the " country 
cottage " craze, and most of them have prepared books of designs and 
plans for various inexpensive cottages and bungalows which they will 
erect at a stated price, and which they will also furnish for a given 
sum. Messrs. Oetzmann & Co. are, however, the only firm who 
have commissioned an architect to prepare the designs and have 
acknowledged the architect's assistance, and their series of plans are 
therefore, the only ones that can be illustrated here. Moreover, they 
have taken precautions that these designs shall not be reproduced 
over and over again without payment of proper fees. 

The cheapness of these bungalows has only been attained by 
considerable study, ingenuity in the planning and a standardisation 
of the fittings. The larger bungalows result from the simple develop- 
ment in plan of the smallest bungalow, estimated to cost from ;/^2oo 
to ;/^23o, according to the requirements of the local by-laws. In the 
smallest bungalow the plan is so arranged that the kitchen and maid's 
bedroom are shut off from the other rooms, and the maid can attend 
to the front door without passing through the living-room. 

The exterior walls of the bungalows are built of nine-inch brick- 
work, coated with cement, rough-casted on the outside, the roof being 
covered with red tiles. All the floors are laid solid on concrete 
foundations, thus ensuring against damp and vermin. The interior 
walls are plastered and coloured with a durable and washable dis- 
temper ; the frieze, which has a picture rail below it, may be in 
another colour, or, if desired, may have a simple stencil pattern. 
The woodwork of the exterior may be painted to suit the owner's 
tastes ; a pale green and white have been selected by the architect. 
The interior woodwork is partly painted, and in the case of the ingle- 
nook, etc., is stained dark brown. 

The estimates given for these bungalows assume that the 
cottages will be erected on a level site, easily accessible, with labour 
and materials plentiful, and that earth closets will be used. Extras 
will include fees for notices, etc., to the local authority, drainage and 
water supply. The cottages can be erected by any builder ; but in 
such cases it would be economical to obtain the special features, such 
as windows, porch, fireplaces, grates, ingle-nook, etc., from Messrs. 
Oetzmann. 

Cottages at Cleveleys, Lancashire. 

Cleveleys is a new residential district four miles north of 
Blackpool on the Lancashire coast, with which place and Fleet- 
wood it is connected by tramway. The estate has been rapidly 
developed by the owners, and to assist this development a cottage 
exhibition with substantial prizes was instituted for igo6. This 
exhibition was framed on lines somewhat superior to those of the 
Letchworth Exhibition, the object being to show what could be 
done under by-laws and not, as at the Garden City, what could 

60 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

be built for a certain sum without adherence to any by-laws. No 
stipulated sum was stated ; but certain accommodation had to be 
provided. The cottages illustrated show the first and second 
prize designs in Class I. for detached cottages with not less than 
three bedrooms ; and the first and second prize designs in Class II. 
for a pair of cottages with not less than three bedrooms in each. 

First Prize. — Detached Cottage at Cleveleys, Lancashire. 
Albert E. Done, Architect. {See p. 35.) 

This cottage has brick walls eleven inches thick, built with a 
hollow space, and rough-cast on the exterior face with Portland 
cement dashed with amber spar, not colour-washed. The roof is 
covered with hand-made red Staffordshire tiles. The accommoda- 
tion comprises a vestibule, kitchen, sitting-room, scullery, pantry, 
wash-house, store, and coal cellar on the ground floor, with two 
large bedrooms, one small one, bath-room, and separate w.c. on 
the upper floor. The house cubes 16,725 feet, which at 4:^d. gives 
a total cost of ;^290 (this including the cost of the house as built, 
with sewers, fencing, copper back boiler and cylinder, and ^^lo 
for grates, but not for forming garden and paths, nor wall decora- 
tions). The cost of the house if duplicated is put at ^^285 (including 
builder's profit and architect's fees, but exclusive of site, fencing, 
sewers, paths, and ornamental rainwater head). There is concrete 
under all walls and over the site. 

Second Prize. — Detached Cottage, Cleveleys, Lancashire. 
Bertram Drummond, Architect. {See p. 35.) 

The cost of this cottage is given as ^^275 (cubing 13,904 feet 
at 4|d.). If duplicated, the cost is put at ^^325 (including builder's 
profit and architect's fees, but exclusive of site, fencing, sewers 
and street making) ; it is stated that " this price could be con- 
siderably reduced on a modified specification." In the kitchen 
scullery there is a fireclay enamelled sink with a wooden drainer, 
and a cupboard under ; also a portable copper. The cottage has 
a concrete foundation, with a layer of asphalt under all walls, 
these latter (external) being eleven inches thick, with a cavity, built 
of good common bricks, and the upper part rough-cast ; roofs tiled. 
Special care has been taken with the construction, all external 
wood lintels being covered with sheet lead, and the chimney sur- 
rounds with nine-inch brickwork. There are no outbuildings, every- 
thing being under one roof. 

First Prize. — Pair of Cottages, Cleveleys, Lancashire. 
Q. Mangnail Bluhm, Architect. {Seep. 36.) 

The cost of this pair of cottages is given as ;^430 (4?d. per 
cubic foot). If duplicated, ^500 (including builder's profit and 
architect's fees, but exclusive of site, fencing and sewers). There 
is a cupboard for cloaks, &c., in the porch ; the coal-house is 
covered over ; a wardrobe is provided in the first bedroom, and 
a cupboard in the living room : hot and cold water are laid on to 

61 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

bath, lavatory and sink. The foundation is of cement concrete, 
eight inches thick under main walls and four inches thick over whole 
site. External walls are of brick eleven inches thick, with a two-inch 
cavity, rough-cast and lime-washed ; roofs of Borrowdale thick 
green slates, from the fireproof slab partitions ; hearths, &c., formed 
with hand-made Dutch tiles. 

Second Prize. — Pair of Cottages, Cleveleys, Lancashire. 
T. Faulkner Shepheard, Architect, {See p. 36.) 

The cost of these cottages, at 4fd. per cubic foot, is given as 
/'222 for each cottage; if duplicated, ^270 (including builder's profit 
and architect's fees, but exclusive of site, fencing, and sewers). On 
the upper floor a small cistern room is provided, containing cistern, 
hot-water cylinder, and shelves for linen. The w.c, ashpit and coal- 
place are in the yard. Foundations are of concrete, walls of brick 
eleven inches thick, built with a cavity, and rough-cast on face ; roofs of 
hand-made Silverdale tiles. The architect's note on the cottages is 
as follows : " The houses have been placed on the site with the yard 
at the side, so as to leave the garden as uninterrupted as possible, 
with the windows of both rooms looking on to it. The bathroom, 
while conveniently reached from the bedrooms, and well screened 
from the hall, can, at the same time, be used as a downstairs lavatory. 
The sinking of the larder will tend to make it cooler and better for 
storage of food, at the same time giving greater shelving space. By 
placing the cylinder next the cistern, the plumber's work is kept 
compactly together, whilst the cold water will be guarded against 
frost in the winter. Shelves are also provided round the cylinder 
for the storage of linen." 

Pair of Cottages at Letchworth (Garden City). M. M. Baillie Scott, 
Architect, {Sec p. 37.) 

These two cottages were included in the Cheap Cottages 
Exhibition of last year, though they were not erected specially for 
that purpose, and, indeed, their cost, some ^^520, excluded them on 
the ground of price from competing. They show how well the spirit 
of the old cottages can be transmitted to new ones. The cost was 
enhanced, however, by sundry works designed to give a more artistic 
character to the buildings, and if these were omitted and ordinary 
materials used the outlay could be decreased very considerably. 
For instance, the tiles are old, and were very carefully removed from 
their original position so that the lichen on them should not be 
disturbed. The doors were constructed of elm slabs in the old- 
fashioned manner, and the whole of the latches and other door 
furniture were executed in wrought iron from the architect's designs. 
The stair banisters and some other woodwork were of oak removed 
from other buildings. The general arrangement is very clearly 
shown in the plans. There is a very large kitchen paved with red 
bricks communicating with a parlour. Both rooms have wide open 
fireplaces and window seats. The scullery, on a lower level, has a 
new combination sink and bath, an ingenious arrangement by which 

62 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

the bottom of the bath forms the sink. When the bath is required 
the fixture is turned over — the whole works easily on a pivot — and 
the bath is then ready for use. The two houses were arranged to 
allow of them being easily turned into one ; this has since been done, 
and the single dwelling is now occupied by a doctor. The forecourt 
is paved, the paths with old flagstones, and the four squares with 
pebbles in colour patterns. The wooden sundial in the centre was 
designed by the architect. Three bedrooms are provided in each 
part, or six in the single house. 

Cottage at Epping, Essex. John W. Rhodes, Architect. {See i>. 38.) 

This is a type of cottage adapted for week-end purposes by 
a small family. The accommodation provided is a large kitchen, 
living-room, parlour, usual offices, three bedrooms, and a small 
bed and tank room ; the latter might be converted into a bathroom. 
The cottage is built of red brick, the upper part of half-timber with 
rough-cast panels on brick nogging. The roof is covered with red 
tiles. The cost was just under ^400. 

Bolnhurst, Llanfairfechan, N. Wales. Herbert L. North, Architect. 

{Seep. 47.) 

This house is an exceedingly picturesque little dwelling built of 
stone, rough-casted and roofed with the old-fashioned " Carreg- 
Mwswg," or Moss slate, which is almost as ductile as thatch, as may 
be noted from the roof over the attic window. The accommodation 
comprises dining- and drawing-rooms, kitchen and offices with three 
bedrooms. The cost, ;^404, included fencing and coal bunk. 

A Country Cottage in Snowdonia. Herbert L. North, Architect. {Seep. 48.) 

I include this design by Mr. North as a piece of ingenious 
planning for a simple holiday home, with one big living room, 
kitchen and offices, and three good bedrooms with bathroom. The 
cupboard space afforded is an exceedingly good feature, for this 
necessary accommodation is so often left unprovided. The estimated 
cost is ;^45o. 

Cottage at Polebrook, Hever, Kent. Robert Weir Schultz, Architect. 

{Seep.^^.) 

This cottage was partly built with old materials from a cottage 
which had been pulled down, about one-third of the material being 
new. The actual cost was £2jo, without making any allowance for 
the old materials. The lower part is of brick, limewhited, and the 
upper part is weather tiled on battens. The accommodation com- 
prises parlour, living-room, kitchen and scullery, and offices, with 
four bedrooms on the first floor. This is an excellent and compact 
plan for a week-end cottage. 

Bungalow, Marsh Lock. John W. Fair & Val Myer, Architects. {See p. 50.) 

This is an inexpensive little dwelling, having on the ground floor 
large dining or living room with ingle, cloak cupboard, boudoir, 

63 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

verandah, kitchen, scullery and offices. On the upper floor are 
four bedrooms, bathroom, and linen cupboard. The walls are built of 
local brick, rough-casted, and the roof is covered with red, sand-faced 
tiles. Cost on application to the architects. 

Two Cottages at Ripley. Horace Field, Architect. {Sec p. 51.) 

These cottages are on a site overlooking the Common at Ripley, 
and are picturesque dwellings of a type suitable for middle-class 
people for week-end or holiday homes, and not employing servants. 
They are fitted with Elkay and Comes' patent range, bath and 
copper combined, an ingenious apparatus, in which one fire does all 
the work for the three things. This fitment was very largely em- 
ployed in the cottages exhibited at the Garden City. The bath in 
this case stands in the scullery, and is enclosed in a cupboard. 
Working on a hinge it lets down when required, the water connections 
and waste pipe being: flexible. The walls are of brick, covered with 
cement, rough-cast, and red tiles have been used for the roof and 
front gables. The cost of the two was ^^600. 

Bungalow, Rotlierfield Peppard, Oxon. John W. Fair & Val Myer, 
Architects. {See t>. Z2.) 

This is a compact and inexpensive little country home, having 
large dining or living room with ingle, boudoir, kitchen, etc., small 
hall, and verandah, on the ground floor, and four bedrooms and 
bathroom on the upper floor. The walls are built in local brick, 
white-washed, with sawn framing to the gables, and the roof is 
covered with old red tiles. Cost on application to the architects. 

Cottages at Bramley, Surrey. Horace Field, Architect. {See pp. ~,-i, and 54.) 

These cottages were built for outdoor servants ; but they belong 
to a very good class of building, and with a slight alteration in the 
accommodation could be made suitable for week-end or country 
homes for middle-class people without a servant. A bathroom could 
be arranged over the coal and woodshed, entered off" a landing on the 
staircase, and the parlour could be made larger. The walls are of 
brick, covered with cement, rough-cast, and the roofs are covered 
with red sand-faced tiles. The cost of the two was £t6s- 

" Little Gravels," Burghclere, Hants. Francis Bacon, Junr., Architect. 

{See pp. 54 and l~..) 

This is a thatched cottage, situated among wild and beautiful 
scenery, and is planned to take special advantage of a rapidly sloping 
site. All the principal rooms are on the main ground floor, level with 
the highest point of the site, while the kitchen, scullery, and servant's 
bedroom are placed under in a basement floor, which is practically 
all above ground, at the lowest part of the site, and for which very 
little excavation was needed. The materials used in construction are 
red, hard-baked local bricks, the roofing being of rye straw, in no 
place less than fourteen inches thick. The walls above the basement 
floor are only nine inches thick, being sufficiently protected by the 

64 




VIEW FROM STANSTED PARK. 
Photograph by the dty Art Photo. Co. 





I ^ 1 II [i i «MT~n— n— nJ 



GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



THE AVENUE COTTAGE, STANSTED. ESSEX. 

Designed by the late JOSEPH CAYGIU. 

Built of timber framing, on a brick base, with brick-nogging, covered with rough-cast, lime-washed. Wood 
casement windows. Roofs covered with red tiles. Cost about /6oo. See p. 73, 



.65 




THE AVENUE COTTAGE. STANSTED FROM THE ENTRANCE GATE, 




THE AVENUE COTTAGE, STANSTED, FROM THE LAWN. [Stc ,„eu,ai,s page.) 
Photographs by the City Art Photo, Co. 



66 




67 




THE AVENUE COTTAGE, STANSTED : THE HALL AND STAIRCASE. (See p. 65.) 
Photograph by the City Art Photo. Co. 







GHYLL COTTAGE. GOUDHURST, KENT. 

A. T. BOLTON, Architect. 

Designed, but not erected. Local brick for ground floor, upper part in half timber, and faced with local red tiles. 
Roof similarly covered. Estimated cost to build, jt^Soo. See p. 73. 




COTTAGE AT ORPINGTON, KENT. 
P. MORLEY HOROER, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-cast, witli red-tiled roof and wood casement windows. Cost, ,£650. See p. 74. 



69 





CROunO FLOOR P LA n 

COTTAGE AT FARNHAM, SURREY. 
niVEN, WIGGLESWORTH and FALKNER, Architects. 




FIRST FLOoa PLAM 



An altered cottage, built of brick, lime-uhited, with red tiles on roof, casement windows uitli leaded lights. See p. 74. 



70 




COTTAGE AT FARNHAM SURREY. {Sue preulms page.) 



71 




GARDEN FRONT. 



^^- ^?> ^"^s Qi 
a, (^ '^i ^- 




COTTAGE AT BRAMPTON, NEAR CHESTERFIELD, NOTTS. 
PERCY B. HOUFTON. Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted in cement, and lime-wliitened ; roof covered with oranfje-red Barton tiles. Casement windows 
with leaded lights. Exterior woodwork painted bright green. Cost, including drainage, fencing, and forming garden. 
£692- See p. 74. 



72 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

eaves, which project two feet beyond them. All window frames are 
set directly under the wall plate, which, for the benefit of the layman, 
it may be explained, is the flat timber fixed along the top of the walls 
to which the feet of the roof rafters are secured. The variation in 
the height of the eaves is due to there being two windows in the 
principal rooms, one raised for ventilation, and one to see out of 
comfortably. Gutters are not provided for the thatch, the drip in 
this case being provided for by a land-drain laid one foot underground 
directly below the eaves. Between the roofs there is, however, a 
secret lead gutter which is drained by a stack-pipe. To guard 
further against the possible ingress of rain there are two projecting 
courses of brick on the bases of the chimney stacks, forming a groove 
into which the thatch is notched as it were. The interior fittings and 
decorations have been kept extremely simple, the aim being to 
produce as cottage-like an effect as possible. For this reason the 
fire-places are left in plain brick, stout iron bars being built into brick 
hobs. The chimney-pieces have oak shelves in the best rooms, and 
elsewhere are of deal painted white. The casements are of wrought 
iron. The cost of the cottage, including a well and drainage, was 

The Avenue House, Stansted, Essex. Designed by the late Joseph Caygill. 

(See pp. 65—68.) 

This cottage was built as the steward's house for the Stansted 
Park Estate, and occupies a site in a corner of the Park, looking 
down an old elm avenue that formed an approach to the old Stansted 
Hall, long since destroyed. Hence the name. This is a very cheap 
house. It is built of timber framing on a brick base, with brick 
between the timbers above, or as it is technically called, '' brick- 
nogging." The exterior is faced with cement rough-cast, lime- 
washed. The windows have wood casements and frames. The 
roofs are covered with red tiles. The sitting-rooms are 16 ft. square, 
and the bedrooms above them, by reason of the projection, nearly 
18 ft. by 16 ft. In the cottage as built there is no bathroom, but one 
could easily be provided over the pantry and coal cellar. The 
second entrance and hall was provided for business callers to the 
study. The sitting-hall is panelled in old oak, and some old carved 
oak has been utilised in the staircase. The cost (about 15 years ago) 
was ;^6oo ; but this would probably be exceeded at the present day. 

Design for Qhyll Cottage, Goudhurst, Kent. Arthur T. Bolton, 
Architect. {Seep. 68.) 

This house has not been erected, but the design is a good 
example of a comfortable country house in character with the local 
building. The walls are shown of brick up to the first floor, and 
above of timber framing part faced with wall tiling, and part shown 
as half-timber-work. The site intended was on the level plateau of 
the picturesque village of Goudhurst, which is situated on a hill 
in the Weald of Kent, and has fine views over the surrounding 
country. There was sufficient ground to form a garden as shown 



I 



73 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

in the drawing. The accommodation on the ground floor was to 
include a drawing-room, study, dining-room, small hall, kitchen and 
offices, and there were to be six bedrooms and bathroom in the first 
and attic floors. The finish throughout was intended to be very 
simple, and the materials all local. The cost was estimated at ^^Soo. 

Cottage at Orpington, Kent. P. Morley Horder, Architect. {See p. 6q.) 

Mr. Horder has a reputation for small and inexpensive country 
homes, of which this is an example. The cottage contains dining- 
room, drawing-room, small sitting-hall, kitchen, &c. ; and on the 
upper floor are four bedrooms, bathroom, and linen-room. The 
architect estimates the fair cost at 1^650 ; it was really erected for 
less, but the builder lost money on the contract. 

Cottage at Farnham, Surrey. Niven, Wigglesworth, & Falkner, Architects. 

{Sec pp. 70, 71.) 

This cottage is a good illustration of the capabilities of these 
architects in the way of adaptation. The plans show the new addi- 
tions with the walls blocked in. A new dining-room, kitchen, and an 
entrance porch and bay have been built on to the old cottage. Two 
rooms have been thrown into one to make a large sitting-room, a 
pantry and larder being enclosed out of the space. On the upper 
floor two bedrooms have been added, making five in all, and a 
bathroom and linen cupboard provided. Cost on application to the 
architects. 

Cottage at Brampton, near Chesterfield. Percy B. Houfton, Architect. 

{Seep. 72.) 

This cottage is built of g-inch brick walls, rough-casted in 
cement, and lime-whitened. The roof is covered with orange-red 
Barton tiles, and the woodwork is painted bright green. The 
casement windows are fitted with leaded lights. The accommodation 
on the ground floor is large living-room, drawing-room, small hall, 
kitchen, scullery, and offices. On the first floor there are four 
bedrooms, bathroom, linen closet, etc. A step ladder, folding back 
to the wall when not in use, leads to a small boxroom in the 
roof. The cost including drainage, fencing and forming garden, was 

The Paddock, Ruskington, Lines. Arthur W. Brewill and Basil E. Baily, 

Architects. {Sec p. 75.) 

The drawings represent alterations and additions to an old 
cottage, and the old and new work are differently marked on the 
plans. Originally the cottage was a plain red brick building with a 
pantile roof, and the additions were made to harmonise with the old 
building. Owing to the old walls being only nine inches thick the 
whole ot the upper portion was covered with rough-cast, with a wood 
mould at the base to drip the wet clear of the lower portion. One 
of the old sitting-rooms was converted into an entrance hall, a new 
drawing-room was added, and a surgery (the owner being a doctor), 
also bed, dressing, linen and bath rooms. The cost, including 

74 





GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



UPPER GROUND FLOOR. 



THE PADDOCK, RUSKINGTON, LINCOLNSHIRE, AS ALTERED. 
A. W. BREWILL and BASIL E. BAILY, Architects. 

The additions to an old cottage consist of new drawing-room, two bedrooms, linen cupboard and surgery, rough- 
casting upper portion and converting remainder. The cost was £6^0. The roof is of pantiles, and the lower 
part of red brick. See p. 74. 



75 




Frum a fjliDtutjiiifih by huing. 





GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



COTTAGE AT SILCHESTER COMMON. NEAR READING. 
MERVYf/ e. MACARTNCr, Architect. 

Lower part built of brick, upper part of tarred weatlier boarding. The drawing-room is a later addition. Cost, about £0^0. 
See p. 79. 



76 




IN THE GARDEN, 




THE HALL. 

COTTAGE AT SILCHESTER COMIVION, NEAR READING. (See opposite page.) 

Photographs bij Irving, 



77 




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1 


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BEDROOn 




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1 


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DE 


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1 


LU 


1 




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Lj 


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IN ROOF 



I 



CROUMD PLAM 

WEEK END COTTAGE AT TRIMINGHAM, NORFOLK. 
H. C. IBBERSOrt, Architect. 

A country holiday home, built of brick, rough-cast. Cost, ;f650. See p. 79. 



78 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

converting and fitting up the old portion, was about ^650. The 
out-buildings consist of stabling for three horses, with harness-room, 
coach-house, coals, etc. etc. 

Cottage at Silchester Common, near Reading, Mervyn E. Macartney, 
Architect. {See pp. 76, 77.) 

This cottage is situated a short distance from the ruins of the 
old Roman city, the discovery and excavation of which have 
aroused so much antiquarian interest during the last few years. It 
occupies the site of a former building that was burnt down, and is 
owned and was designed by Mr. Macartney for his own country 
home. 

It contains dining-room, drawing-room, study, and four bed- 
rooms, besides kitchen and offices. The lower part of the cottage is 
built of brick and the upper part of tarred weather boarding. That 
it is a typical English cottage home can be gauged from the 
illustration. 

As regards the interior, the architect says there is nothing of 
note if the panelling in the drawing-room is excepted. This is 
carried out in oak and is seven feet high. The charming little 
entrance hall with its tiled floor presents a very inviting aspect to 
the visitor. The interior effect is heightened by the difference of 
level in the various rooms. The drawing-room is situated in a 
one storey annex on the left of the big view. 

On the garden very considerable care and trouble have been 
expended. The view looking down the herbaceous border affords 
a very delightful vista, which can be matched by several equally 
charming views taken from other standpoints. The house has been 
built about eleven years, but the arrangement of gardens has been a 
constant occupation during that time. The cost of this beautiful 
little home, exclusive of the garden work, was about ^^650, but it is 
doubtful whether it could be carried out at quite so low a figure 
to-day, the cost of building having risen considerably during the last 
decade. It may be of interest to mention that Mr. Macartney is an 
authority on gardens. 

Week=End Cottage at Trimingham, Norfolk. H. Q. Ibberson, 
Architect. (Seep. 78.) 

This is purely a country holiday home, and is designed strictly 
with a view to saving labour in a dwelling where only one domestic 
is possible. The large verandah opens out of both the sitting hall 
and also the kitchen, so that meals can be served there during the 
summer months. The bathroom and lavatory are situated on the 
ground floor (and is large enough to make another bedroom in an 
emergency), also two bedrooms, there being a third bedroom in the 
roof with linen cupboard, wardrobe and boxroom. The walls are 
brick, rough-casted, with wrought iron casements and leaded glass. 
The cost was ^650. 

T** 

I 79 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

Pair of Cottages, Seacroft, Lincolnshire. Arthur W. Brewill & 
Basil E. Daily, Architects. {Sec p. 83.) 

These cottages are built of brick, with upper part rough-casted, 
and have red-tiled roofs. They contain small entrance hall, parlour, 
kitchen, scullery, etc., on the ground floor, and have four bedrooms 
on the upper floor. The cottages are let to golfers for the summer 
months. The cost of the pair was ^^650. 

" Lonnin Garth," Portinscale, Cumberland. Douglas and Minshull, 
Architects. {Sec pp. 84, 85.) 

This very picturesque cottage, situated amid beautiful surround- 
ings, is a home of the modern type, having a large living-room and 
kitchen as the main features of the ground floor. In the living-room 
is a dining recess, and a smoking porch opens off one corner of it. 
On the first floor there are four bedrooms, linen cupboard, a large 
cupboard and bathroom ; and on the attic floor three more bedrooms 
and a cistern room. The lower portion of the house and the 
chimney-stacks are constructed of local stone in roughly coursed 
ashlar, and the upper part of brick, rough-casted. The tops of the 
chimney-stacks are finished in brick. The roofs are covered with 
m estmorland green slates. The cost was £700, which is extremely 
Woderate for the accommodation given. 

Cottage on the Broadview Estate, near Rotherfield, Sussex. Theodore 
Gregg and Lionel Q. Detmar, Architects. {Sec p. 86.) 

This house is one of several about to be erected on the above 
estate, which is situated not far from Crowboro' Beacon in Sussex. 
They are being undertaken in response to a demand which has 
recently sprung up chiefly among motorists, etc., for week-end homes 
in the country. In the plan the idea has been to provide one main 
living-room of ample dimensions containing a wide bay and ingle 
nook ; this is entitled, perhaps erroneously, drawing-room on the 
plan ; the other sitting-room is a small one of secondary importance. 
The staircase is contained in a square hall and lands conveniently on 
the first floor, giving access to all four bedrooms, bath, and w.c, 
without any space being wasted in passage, etc. The materials 
proposed to be used are hollow red brick plinth with g in. walls over, 
covered in lime and pea-beach rough-casted gravel, and with half 
timber in the gables, etc., and old tiles on the roof. The external 
staircase to the balcony on the first floor — a somewhat unusual 
feature — was designed to meet a special requirement. Both storeys 
are 8 ft. high. The cubical contents are 21,888 ft., and it is expected 
that the cost will be between ;^8oo and /^goo. 

Cottage with High Chimneys, Farnham, Surrey. Niven, Wiggles worth, 
& Falkner, Architects. {See p. 8g.) 

This is another interesting cottage at Farnham, the abnormal 
height of the chimneys being due to the existence of a row of high 
trees on the north side of the cottage. When the cottage was built 

80 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

the land to the south was in another ownership, and the principal 
windows had therefore to be placed looking east and west. Over 
the plan the architect, Mr. Falkner, was accused by " The Studio " 
of being wilfully playful ; but this is quite erroneous, and it works 
perfectly well, not being so complicated in use as it appears on paper. 
Here again is an instance of economy by adopting a plain roof. The 
accommodation is drawing-room, dining-room, smoking-room, small 
study (future extension shown on plan), small hall, kitchen scullery, 
and enclosed courtyard. On the first floor there are four bedrooms 
and bathroom. The cost is set down as from ;^75o to ^i,ooo. 

Cottage at Rosemount, near Blairgowrie, N.B. T. M. Cappon, Architect. 

{Sec p. 90.) 

This is a typical Scottish dwelling of the modern domestic class, 
built of brick, with hollow walls, rough-cast, and tiled roof. The 
windows are casements. The accommodation on the ground floor 
comprises drawing-room, sitting-hall, dining-room, small vestibule, 
kitchen, pantry, servant's bedroom, wash-house and cycle-house. 
The arrangements are so planned that the servant can answer the 
front door or attend to duties upstairs without entering the sitting- 
hall. On the upper floor there are three bedrooms, dressing-room, 
linen-room, bathroom, and box-room. The cost was about ;^85o. 

The Dial House, Shortfieid Common, Farnham, Surrey. Niven, 
Wigglesworth, & Falkner, Architects. {See pp. 91, 92.) 

Certain architects have shown peculiar aptitude in adapting old 
buildings to new uses as improved dwellings. The cottage here 
illustrated is a case in point. It was altered for an artist who lives 
in it. A study of the plans shows how the transformation was 
eff"ected and how little of the old structural work has been altered. 
The walls and most of the floors remain. The roof having been 
built in the middle of the last century was not of the strength that 
earlier builders would have made it and could not be preserved. 
There was a rise between the floors at front and back which the 
architects used to advantage. The large sundial on the wall 
between the windows — which, by the way, gives the name to the 
house — was modelled by the owner. As can be seen in the plan 
before alteration there was a hop kiln on the ground floor, the upper 
floor of which now makes a fine studio, the lower part is devoted to 
workshops and dark-room, while the old ventilator serves as a look- 
out from which the magnificent country from Hindhead to Selborne 
can be seen. The beautiful dwelling which has thus been recon- 
structed with so little alteration in the main lines of the previous 
buildings is a testimony to the skill of the architects. It shows how 
well the previously existing walls have been utilised and how little 
cutting about has been done. The long room, of which a view is 
shown, is a very pleasant room in summer or winter, as it faces due 
south. At night a curtain is drawn across it to keep the fireplace 
end cosy and warm. The room shows the touch of the artist hand, 

81 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

and how much it gains from the beautiful specimens of old furniture 
can easily be estimated. The interior panelling and the front door 
were both collected by the owner in Brittany. The cost of such a 
house new would be from ^^850 to ^^1,500. 

Cottage at Letchworth, Herts. H. M. Fletcher, Architect. {See p. 97.) 

This is one of the improved modern cottages erected at the 
Garden City. The materials are brick, rough-casted, with red 
tiles to the roof, and casement windows. The plan has the large 
living-room with dining-room communicating by sliding doors, and 
conveniently served through the pantry. It will be noted as an 
excellent point in the plan that the living-room in no way serves 
the purpose of a passage, and that the servant can answer the 
front door and attend to her duties upstairs without traversing it. 
The upper floor has four bedrooms and a bathroom. This is one 
of the most compact and convenient plans for a small cottage home 
in the book. Cost on application to the architect. 

Cottage at Sutton Veny, near Warminster, Wilts. C. H. B. Quennell, 
Architect. {Sec pp. 98, 99.) 

This is a small farmhouse amid picturesque surroundings. The 
walls are built hollow to resist the strong winds that blow from the 
Downs, and are faced with red bricks, while the roofs are covered 
with red tiles. The accommodation comprises living-room with bay, 
dining-room, office for interviewing farm hands, who can be seen 
without entering the body of the house, kitchen, scullery, pump-room, 
cycle-room and offices. On the first floor are four bedrooms and 
bathroom, and in the attics two other rooms. In the basement is a 
good coal cellar. Cost on application to the architect. 

Cottage at Farnborough, Hants. C. H. B. Quennell, Architect. 

{Sec pp. QQ, 100.) 

This house is built with " hollow " walls of brick, rough-casted, 
with red tiled roof and wood casement windowsi The accommoda- 
tion comprises a drawing-room with bay, dining-room with bay, and 
small verandah, study, kitchen, pantry arranged as servery, scullery, 
and offices. There are five bedrooms and bathroom upstairs. Cost 
on application to the architect. 

Cottage at Beeston, Notts. Arthur W. Brewill and Basil E. Baily, 
Architects. {See p. 105.) 

This house contains entrance hall, dining-room, parlour, with 
kitchen and out-offices, five bedrooms, bathroom, linen, etc., and is 
built of red sand bricks, the upper portion being covered with rough- 
cast, and roofed in with green slates. The windows are filled 
with leaded lights, and the woodwork is painted white. The cost 
was ^^850. 

82 




COTTAGES, SEACROFT, LINCOLNSHIRE. 
k. W. BRBWILL and BASIL B. BAILY, Architects. 



Built of brick, witli upper part rough-casted, and red tiled roof. Let to golfers during summer months. Cost 
for the pair, .,^650. See p. 80. 



83 




GENERAL VIEW. 



; ' 'M'//y/jmm^^^^r^--TS 













,:^.^-^i , :esL 



C|i.ii„i»f|p,,|. 



f.'r^l-3^ooT. 



"lONNIN garth." PORTINSCALE. CUMBERLAND. 
DOUGLAS and UINSHULL, Architects. 

Lower portion and chimney stacks of local stone. Upper portion of brick, rougli-casted, and tops of stacks of 
brick. Roofs covered with Westmoreland green slates. Cost ^i'/OO. See p. So. 



84 




DINING RECESS, SHOWING STAIRCASE. 




PARLOUR, SHOWING SMOKING PORCH. 

"LONNIN GARTH," PORTINSCALE. CUMBERLAND. (See opposite page.) 



85 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 





COTTAGE ON THE BROADVIEW ESTATE, ROTHERFIELD. SUSSEX. 
THEODORE GREGG and LIONEL G. DETMAR. Architects. 

To be built with hollow red brick plinth, with 9 inch walls over, covered in lime and pea beach, rough-cast, 
with half timbers in the gables, and old tiles on the roof. Estimated cost, between /Soo and jCgoo. 
See p. So. 



ii6 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

Cottage in the Gloucestershire Cotswold District. Ernest Qimson, 
Architect. {Seep. 106.) 
The cottage here shown, situated amid beautiful natural 
surroundings in the Gloucestershire Cotswold district, is an 
example of Mr. Ernest Gimson's work, others of which are re- 
ferred to on p. 93. The walls are of stone two feet thick quarried 
from a bank opposite, and the timber is of larch and English 
oak from the neighbouring woods. The roof is of straw thatch 
14 inches thick. There are four bedrooms and a large workroom on 
the first floor and another bedroom above. The Cotswold district 
has long been famed for stone cottages, and without doubt the right 
material to use for building is the stone in the neighbourhood. The 
majority of the newer cottages have been roofed with stone slates, or 
thin slabs of stone used like slates after ancient examples. Thatch, 
however, forms a much softer and more graceful outline for the 
roofing. The finely-grown trees show how a little care and patience 
in the selection of the site will make an immense difference in the 
appearance of the whole. Cost on application to the architect. 

Pair of Cottages on the Shore, Llanfairfechan, N. Wales, 
Herbert L. North, Architect. {Seep. 107.) 

These houses are just completed, and are built of brick, rough- 
casted, the roofs being covered with thick small slates, with green 
ones to form a pattern. The front doors are of elm, and native oak 
has been used for the verandah posts. The long roofs give 
protection against the prevailing south-west and north-east gales. 
The windows have leaded lights. By a system of folding doors the 
downstairs can be made drawing-room, dining-room, and hall, or 
one big room with the front door and stairs screened off. The open 
ceilings are whitewashed and stencilled with a pattern of roses and 
periwinkle. The cost, including fencing and paths, was ;^9io. 

'• Redroofs," Henley-on-Thames, Oxon. John W. Fair & Val Myer, 
Architects. {Seep. 108.) 

This is a bungalow residence at this popular river resort. It 
contains a large dining or living hall, with verandah, smoking-room, 
two bedrooms, kitchen, servant's bedroom, scullery, and entrance 
lobby on the ground floor. The plan is so arranged that the 
servant can answer the door or proceed upstairs without entering 
the living hall. On the upper floor are a boudoir, two more 
bedrooms, bathroom, etc. The walls are built in local brick, with 
a deep-channelled joint, and whitewashed. The roof is covered 
with local red, sand-faced tiles, and the exterior woodwork is 
painted white. The fireplaces and the dining hall ingle are 
constructed in red brickwork, with a wide puttied joint and bands 
of old Dutch tiles. Cost on application to the architects. 

Cottage, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. A. Needham Wilson, Architect. 

{Seep. 109.) 

In designing this cottage an attempt was made to break away 
from the stereotyped plan of middle-class dwelling, and to combine 

87 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

strict economy of space, and the minimum of passage, with cheap 
construction, and the reduction of housework. The walls are built 
of stock bricks, rough-cast outside, and the roof is covered with 
Broseley tiles laid on boarding and felt. The joinery, both external 
and internal, is of the simplest character, and all the internal walls 
are distempered. Use was made of the fall of the ground to secure a 
difference of level on the ground floor, thus imparting some interest 
to the treatment of the hall. It was felt that a large living-room is 
essential for modern requirements, and that in this type of dwelling 
a large drawing-room is not necessary, though it should be capable 
of enlargement on occasion. The total cost of the cottage was /^770, 
including fencing, electric bells, gas, and all decoration. 

" Knighton " and " Northernhay." Two Cottages in Boston Square, 
Hunstanton. H. G. Ibberson, Architect. {See pp. no — 112.) 

The majority of seaside houses are poor in the extreme from an 
architectural point of view. This is probably due to the speculative 
beginnings of most of our seaside resorts, the ground usually being 
acquired by a speculative builder or a land development company 
whose efforts, aided by the local Railway Company, result in the 
gradual dotting over the area of cheap dwellings of the flimsiest and 
cheapest description, designed mainly to induce people to occupy 
them because of the cheap rents, and the hope of profit from summer 
boarders. It is pleasant to be able to show a few seaside dwellings 
that do not come within this category, and these two cottages are 
interesting not only in themselves but as a solution of a little 
problem in planning. The sites are very narrow and deep, and face 
each other on opposite sides of a garden, which belongs to the same 
owner. This garden will never be built on. The gardens are 
necessarily small, but the seats at the ends of the pergolas are so 
arranged that complete privacy is attained. The walls are of the 
local carstone, having large rough angle stones, the joints generally 
being brushed well back with a stiff brush and " dashed " with 
the stone dust. The bays and chimneys are of rough-cast, and the 
roofs are covered with Bedford hand-made tiles. The accommoda- 
tion of "Knighton" comprises on the ground floor, drawing-room, 
dining-room, kitchen, scullery, and offices ; and on the first floor, 
five bedrooms, bath, and linen cupboard. The cost was £756. 
" Northernhay " has much the same accommodation, but there is 
a " den " opening out of the dining-room ; there are four bedrooms 
and a dressing-room on the first floor, and a boxroom in the attic. 
The cost was ^968. 

Cottage in The Bourne, Farnham, Surrey. Niven, Wigglesworth, & 
Falkner, Architects. (See pp. 112, 113.) 

This cottage is an illustration of a successful adaptation of a 
small farmhouse to the purposes of a country cottage residence. 
The hatched lines on the plan show the old walls, and the blocked- 
in portions the new work. As altered the house is a delightful one in 
a still more charming garden. The drawing-room was formed out of 






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GROUND PLAN. 



COTTAGE, WITH HIGH CHIMNEYS. AT FARNHAM, SURREY. 
mVEN, WIGGLESWORTH and FALKHEK, Arcliitects. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tiled roof. Wood casement windows, with leaded 
lights. Cost, about ;^75o to ;f8oo. See p. 8o. 




GENERAL VIEW 



ENTRANCE FRONT. 





COTTAGE AT ROSEMOUNT. NEAR BLAIRGOWRIE, N B. 
r, M. CAPPON, Architect. 



3uilt of brick, with hollow walls, rough cast. Roof covered with slates. Cost, about /'S50, See p. Si. 



90 




VIEW FROM THE SIDE. 




■OLD PLfln 




GRovno FuaR Pi^n - ^^^ ■ first fl^jF^- pl^h 

PLANS BEFORE AND AFTER ALTERATION. 

THE DIAL HOUSE, SHORTFIELD COMMON. FARNHAM. 
NIVEN, WIGGLESWORTH and FALKHER, Architects. 

Another example of excellent adaptive work. The blacked-in walls show how little 
structural partition work has been necessitated. Cost, new, from ;^85o to /■i,500. 
See p. 8i. 



91 




FRONT VIEW. 




THE LONG ROOM. 

THE DIAL HOUSE, SHORTFIELD COMMON. FARNHAM. Ste pnnhtis page. 



92 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

the old barn, and in the two bedrooms above the old timber trusses 
of the roof filled in to form partitions give the rooms a very cottage- 
like and ancient appearance. The accommodation on the ground 
floor comprises a dining-room, large drawing-room, store, garden- 
room, cloak-room, kitchen, and offices. The plan shows with how 
little alteration this excellent home has been completed. It is 
inhabited by one of the partners in the above firm of architects. 
Cost on application to the architects. 

Cottage with Pergola at Farnham. Niven, Wigglesworth, «& Falkner, 
Architects. {See pp. 114, 115.) 

This is a very charming cottage at Farnham, and very char- 
acteristic of the country cottages now being built. As regards the 
plan the main idea was to get as much accommodation as possible 
under one plain roof. This desire to economise in the matter of roofs 
is an eminently desirable one, and probably not sufficiently considered 
nowadays. Country cottages are not improved by complicated and 
elaborate roofs, and many gables, hips, and valleys frequently make 
the cost of a roof out of all proportion to the house it covers. As 
regards the plan of this house, Mr. Falkner, the local partner in the 
above firm, acknowledges his indebtedness for the main ideas to his 
friend, Mr. C. H. B. Quennell, several of whose cottages are illus- 
trated in this book. The house has a courtyard to the offices where 
the unsightly parts of the household duties may be performed in 
private. The interior fittings are more elaborate than usual. The 
dining-room is panelled throughout in Jacobean oak, and has exposed 
beams of oak over. The frieze in the drawing-room was modelled in 
plaster by artists of the Bromsgrove Guild of Craftsmen. The tiles 
in some of the fireplaces are from a local pottery which produces a 
very decent glaze. The accommodation is dining-room, drawing- 
room, morning room, small octagonal hall, kitchen, scullery, offices, 
and enclosed yard, and, on the first floor, five bedrooms and bathroom. 
The cost is not stated exactly ; but a similar cottage might be built 
for from ;^900 to ^^1,500, depending on the district, and other factors 
mentioned in the chapter on cost. 

Two Holiday Home Cottages in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. 
Ernest Qimson, Architect. {See pp. 116, 117.) 

These two cottages are a striking illustration of an artificial 
creation like a house being so cleverly fashioned that it is not merely 
inoffensive but actually takes a place in the landscape as if it 
were part and parcel of Nature itself. Not many men have this 
gift of designing. There is another virtue in these cottages not, 
perhaps, apparent without explanation — they are both built of 
local stone. The Charnwood district of Leicestershire is one of 
great geological interest. Here volcanic action has thrust through 
the overlaying strata big bosses of igneous rock which makes the 
district rich in hard stone much used for road metal. Lumps of 
this stone picked up from the surrounding lands have been pressed 
into service for walling, and the walls of the cottages have, therefore, 

T* 

J 93 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

the tint of the surrounding rocks, one of the first steps in Nature 
harmony. The cottages are summer homes and they are somewhat 
older than the majority of week-end cottages, and in fact were built 
before the term, " week-ender," became at all current. But the 
essential lines are similar to those of the more modern cottage 
dwelling — they have the sitting hall, dining-room, kitchen, etc., and 
four or five bedrooms, a considerable picturesqueness being attained 
by the steps up and down to the different levels of the rooms. The 
cost of these cottages cannot be exactly stated ; the utilisation of 
the local stone and other circumstances varying from the ordinary 
building contract procedure make the exact amount uncertain. 
Mr. Gimson being himself a craftsman is accustomed to doing actual 
work on his buildings ; for one thing he is an artist in plasterwork, 
and has enriched many houses by delicately-modelled ceilings and 
friezes. He has also designed a great quantity of furniture and 
carried out some of the designs himself. With the other members of 
the Guild of Handicraft who have made Gloucestershire their home 
he is endeavouring to bring a new order into English homes, more 
particularly in avoiding the besetting sins of over elaboration and 
display. The creation of things beautiful as well as useful, and 
useful as well as beautiful, might be stated as the aim and object 
of the Guild. Cost on application to the architect. 



94 



CHAPTER V. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF COTTAGES COSTING FROM ;^I,000 TO ^^2,000. 

Probably the majority of country cottages of the small superior class 
will come into this division, and the greater proportion will range in 
cost from about ^i,ooo to ;^i,300. At this figure some amount of 
decoration and finish can be afforded where the accommodation 
comprises five bedrooms or less. Under ^i,ooo the architect cannot 
" let himself go," but has to exercise a close restraint on any exuber- 
ance of fancy. The number of examples here given is, however, 
slightly less than in the case of cottages under ^i,ooo, as it was 
felt desirable to give as many illustrations of cottages in that division 
as possible. 

Cottage at Upper Warlingham, Surrey. P. Morley Horder, Architect. 

{Seep. ii8.) 

This is constructed of brick, rough-casted, with red brick 
chimney-stacks, and red tiles on the roof. The accommodation 
on the ground floor comprises a drawing- and dining-room, both 
being large rooms, and the former opens out of a small sitting-hall 
by means of folding-doors. There are also kitchen, scullery, and 
usual offices. On the upper floor are five bedrooms and bathroom. 
The cost was ^i,ioo. 

" Rosebriers," Llanfairfechan, N. Wales. Herbert L. North, Architect. 

{See pp. 119, 120.) 

Welsh architecture in the main is exceedingly poor, though 
Mr. North and one or two other men like him are making a brave 
attempt to infuse a little art and progress into the general ruck of 
mean and paltry building. It is astonishing, in a country so rich in 
natural building materials, that brick boxes with slate roofs should 
form almost a typical feature in a Welsh landscape. 

" Rosebriers " is built of the local granite, rough-casted, and the 
chimneys and ridges are of brindled Buckley brick. The roofs are 
covered with third quality thick slates. The terrace walls are laid 
" dry," i.e. without mortar, and are of granite with uncut faces. The 
house is arranged to get as much sun during the day as possible. In 
the morning the dining-room receives the most benefit, and the 
sunshine works round to the drawing-room by the afternoon. The 
house is built in a form to resist the heavy gales from the west, 
while the long roofs to the north and east completely protect those 
quarters. 

Of the interior views, one shows the drawing-room looking 
through to the ante-room, which is separated from both dining-room 
and drawing-room by glass doors, so that all three rooms can be 

95 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

thrown into one if desired. From the ante-room a door opens on to 
the terrace. The chimney-piece in the dining-room has panels of 
glass tiles, blue and violet, with rose-grey lines and mother-of-pearl 
and silver mosaic dots. The beams are of pitch pine. The view of 
the dining-room shows the serving hatch from the kitchen. The 
floor here is of unpolished oak. Both the table and the cupboard 
are from the architect's designs, and the latter, which is of oak with 
ash doors, was partly made by him. The table frame and legs are 
of oak with elm top. The cost of the house was ;^i,ooo. The plan 
of the garden is exceedingly interesting. 

House at Letchworth, Herts. Halsey Ricardo, Architect. {Sec pp. 121, 122.^ 

This is another of the modern residences at the Garden City 
The walls, which are built with a hollow space, are of local white 
stock bricks. Elm weather-boarding has been used for the gables, and 
old tiles for the roof. The house is thoroughly well built. On the 
ground floor there is a dining-room, drawing-room, study, kitchen, 
scullery, bicycle room, and offices ; on the first floor four bedrooms 
and bathroom, and on the second floor three bedrooms, boxroom, and 
housemaid's closet. The house is rather new at present and un- 
occupied, but will improve in appearance in a year or two's time. 
The cost including gates, fences, colouring of the internal walls, and a 
fair number of cupboards, was ;^i,o5i. 

House at Crompton, near Guildford, Surrey. P. Morley Horder, Architect. 

{Seep. 123.) 

The plans of this house, if compared with the perspective view, 
do not agree properly with it. In the plans the long wing of the 
house appears on the left hand and the short wing on the right, 
instead of vice versa. This was due to the tracings being made from 
reversed sun-prints, the only drawings available, and the error was 
only discovered when putting the illustrations together. If held up 
to a looking-glass the plans will appear as originally plotted. The 
accommodation is, however, correctly shown. There is an outer 
vestibule, from which entrance is obtained to the sitting-hall, which 
opens to a verandah, and separate access to a corridor from the 
kitchen so that the servant does not traverse the hall to open the 
front door. There are a dining-room and drawing-room, the latter 
forming the ground floor of the short wing ; kitchen, scullery, and 
offices. On the upper floor are six bedrooms, a sitting space over 
the porch, bathroom, &c. The house is typical of Mr. Horder's 
charming work, and is roomy and comfortable. The materials are 
brick, rough-cast, with tiled roof stone dressings to windows, &c., 
and wrought-iron casements with leaded lights. The cost of the 
house alone was ^^1,250. 

"Tilehurst," Bushey, Herts. C. F. A. Voysey, Architect. 

{See pp. 124 — 126.) 

This is another interesting example of Mr. Voysey's work, and 
should be specially noted for the square treatment of the plan, and 

96 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 




COTTAGE AT LETCHWORTH. 
H. M. FLETCHER, Architect. 

Built of brick, rougii-casted, with red tiled roof. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 82. 



97 




FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 
COTTAGE AT SUTTON VENY, WILTS. 
C. H. B. QUENNELL, Architect. 

Walls built hollow (to resist the strong winds that blow from the Downs), and of red brick with red tiled 
roof. Wood casement windows. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 82. 



q8 




COTTAGE AT SUTTON VENY WILTS: ENTRANCE FRONT. (See previous page.) 




COTTAGE AT FARNBOROUGH, HANTS: GARDEN FRONT. (See next page.) 



99 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 



■n— n-m BMi^ [nr-n- n l 



^fij9l4^A/g 




0/?oi///D /iooe PifA/ 




fj/}ST fiOO/S Pi^M 



COTTAGE AT FARNBOROUGH. HANTS. 
C. H, B. QUENHELL, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, witli red tile roof. Wood "casement windows. Cost on application to the Architect. 
See p. 82. 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

the economy of the single chimney stack into which all the flues are 
gathered. It is built of brick, rough-casted, with stone dressings 
to the windows. The latter have wrought-iron casements with 
leaded lights. The roof is covered with red tiles. The accommoda- 
tion on the ground floor is a large sitting-hall, a parlour, kitchen, and 
offices, and on the first floor there are three bedrooms, bathroom, 
boxroom, and photographic room. The cost was about £i,ooo. 

Cottage at Hook Heath, Woking, Surrey. Godfrey Pinkerton, Architect. 

(See pp. 126, 127.) 

In this cottage the object has been to bring all the principal 
rooms on to the sunny and garden frontage. The materials em- 
ployed are brick, rough-casted, with red tiles for the roof, and 
casement windows with leaded lights. On the ground floor there is 
small entrance hall, library, drawing-room, dining-room, kitchen, 
scullery, and offices, with outbuildings for coal and bicycles. On 
the first floor there are day and night nurseries, two bedrooms, 
dressing-room with bath, bathroom, linen cupboard and store ; and 
on the upper floor two more bedrooms, boxroom, and tankroom. 
Cost on application to the architect. 

House at Lynden End, near Birmingham. Herbert T. Buckland & 
E. Haywood -Farmer, Architects. (Seep. 128.) 

This house is built of brick, faced externally with rough-cast, 
and the chimneys are of brindled Black Country bricks, while the 
roofs are covered with Hartshill tiles. Internally the treatment is 
very simple, all the woodwork being of deal, painted. This type 
of dwelling is suitable for either week-end cottage or a small suburban 
country home for a man of modest income and some taste. The 
accommodation on the ground floor is as follows : — Dining-room, 
drawing-room, study, kitchen, scullery, and offices, including larder 
and dairy, and in the outbuildings are a wash-house and fuel-house. 
The outbuildings are connected with the scullery by a covered wayT^ 
and they give on to an enclosed yard, walled off" from the garden. 
On the first floor there are five bedrooms, bathroom, and a large 
linen cupboard, and in the attic there are two other rooms. All the 
bedrooms have fire-places. The cost of the house was ^^1,150. 

"The Bungalow," Seacroft, Lincolnshire. A. W. Brewill & Basil E. Baily, 
Architects. (Seep. 133.) 

This cottage contains small entrance hall, living-room, dining- 
room, two bedrooms, bathroom, kitchen, scullery, wash-house, and 
offices on the ground floor. The two bedrooms could be used as 
additional sitting-rooms if desired. There is also a spacious 
verandah. On the upper floor there are five bedrooms, linen cup- 
board, etc. The house is built of red brick, rough-casted above the 
plinth, the roof being covered with red tiles, and the casement 
windows being fitted with leaded lights. The exterior woodwork is 
painted white. Cost ;^i,20o. 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

House at Bridling:ton. Herbert T. Buckland and E. Haywood -Farmer, 
Architects. {Sec pp 134 — 136.) 

This house is practically based, by desire of the client, on 
another house by the same architects erected near Birmingham ; but 
the site and aspect not presenting the same characteristics, the plan 
had, practically, to be turned round. Externally the house is rough- 
cast on brick, and is roofed with Hartshill tiles ; the caps of the 
chimneys and the dressings to the front door are of Staffordshire 
bricks, rather blue in colour, forming a contrast with the rough-cast. 
Internally the woodwork is of deal, painted, except in the dining- 
room, which is fitted with English oak. All the walls are distempered, 
the plaster being finished with a wood float, which gives an excellent 
texture to the surface to receive distemper. The entrance floor looks 
away to the open country, and the other side looks on to the sea. 
There is a small enriched plaster cornice in all the living rooms. 
The accommodation on the ground floor comprises dining-room, 
drawing-room, playroom, small hall, kitchen, and offices, and there is 
an enclosed yard to the offices. The first floor plan shows four 
bedrooms and bathroom, etc., and in the attics there are three more 
rooms. The cost was ^1,112. Incidentally it may be remarked that 
the ordinary run of seaside cottages and houses is exceedingly bad 
in design, and this is not, perhaps, to be wondered at when it is 
remembered that they are mostly of the speculative variety, and that 
the speculative builder is usually a town bird who takes with him the 
plans of his architectural triumphs in the suburbs. One could wish 
that the big land speculators and the ground landlords, to whose 
efforts so many of our modern watering places owe their origin, would 
ally themselves at the outset of their enterprise with a decent 
architect, and not leave to the private owner only the inception of a 
piece of architectural design among the general chaos of building 
rubbish. 

Cottage at Camberley, Surrey. C. H. B. Quennell, Architect. 

{Sec pp. 136—138.) 

This picturesque house is built amidst a pine wood, the walls on 
the ground floor and entrance bay and the chimneys being of red 
brick. Above the ground floor the walls are rough-casted, and the 
roof is covered with red tiles. The windows are wood casements 
with leaded lights. The accommodation comprises living-room with 
big bay, dining-room, verandah, study, kitchen, cycle-room, store, 
and offices. On the first floor are five bedrooms, dressing-room, and 
bathroom, and two other rooms on the attic floor. Cost on 
application to the architect. 

Cottage at Heyshott, Midhurst, Sussex. Horace Field, Architect. 

{See />p. 138, 130.) 

This house is picturesquely situated, with the garden facing 
south, and is sheltered by a pinewood at the back. It is built of 
brick, rough-casted, has wood casement windows and a red tile roof. 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

The accommodation on the ground floor comprises a sitting-hall, 
a large living-room, work-room, verandah, kitchen, and offices. On 
the upper floor there are four bedrooms, a dressing-room, and bath- 
room. The cost will be given by the architect on application. 

"Woodcote," Camberley, Surrey. H. R. & B. A. Poulter, Architects. 

{Sec p. 140.) 

This cottage is situated on a gravel hill. The walls have a brick 
plinth, above which is oak timber framing left rough and filled with 
Taylor's bricks, covered with cement rough-cast and whitewashed. 
The roof is covered with old tiles from barns at Frimley. Internally 
the walls are finished with white plaster. Oak joinery is used through- 
out and heavy oak ceilings. Wrought-iron casement windows with 
three-quarter inch leads, decorative portions being sparingly intro- 
duced. The accommodation on the ground floor comprises drawing- 
room, sitting-hall, dining-room, kitchen, servants' hall, and offices. 
On the first floor there are night and day nurseries, three bedrooms 
and dressing-room, bathroom, linen cupboard, &c. On the attic floor 
there are two more bedrooms and box-room, and in the basement 
there is a cellar. Cost on application to the architects. 

"The White Cottages," Hunstanton, Norfolk. H. Q. Ibberson, Architect. 

{See p. 145.) 
" The White Cottages " are a pair of semi-detached dwellings 
at the above seaside resort, and take their name, as may be imagined, 
from the colour of the walls. The main idea of the plan was to get 
the principal room at the back unspoiled by any' kitchen projection 
into the garden. The walls are of brick, white rough-casted, and 
brown stone dressings, and the roof is covered with grey-green slates. 
The windows have iron casements, and leaded lights throughout. 
The accommodation in each cottage comprises drawing-room, dining- 
room, kitchen, scullery, and offices, and a large stoep or loggia at the 
back. On the upper floor are four bedrooms, bathroom, and linen 
cupboard. The cost of the two was approximately ^1,192. 

" Fridhem," Hunstanton, Norfolk. H. G. Ibberson, Architect. 

{See pp. 14s, 146.) 

This is a small house, but with fairly large rooms. The 
materials are brown local stone, and Ham JHill stone and flint are 
also introduced. The lead enrichments were designed and beaten 
by the architect. The internal woodwork is Bass, stained, oiled, 
and rubbed, and enriched with copper, while the walls with plaster 
ornament worked by the architect are white-washed down to the 
dado rail. The accommodation comprises on the ground floor, 
dining-room, drawing-room, kitchen, scullery, and offices ; and on the 
upper floor, four bedrooms, bathroom, and two cupboards. Cost on 
application to the architect. 

Cottages, Boston Square, Hunstanton, Norfolk. H. Q. Ibberson, Architect. 

{Seep. 147.) 

The architect describes this pair as an attempt to unite the 
picturesque and plate glass. The materials are brown stone with 

103 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

yellow rough-cast and red tiles. The accommodation on the ground 
floor of each comprises dining-room, drawing-room, small hall, 
kitchen, scullery, and offices. On the first floor there are three 
bedrooms and bathroom, and on the attic floor two bedrooms, two 
linen cupboards and boxroom. The cost of the pair was ^^1,120. 

Cottage, Lincoln Square, Hunstanton, Norfolk. H. Q. Ibberson, Architect. 

{Seep. 148.) 

The materials of this house are the local carstone with red 
tiled roof. The windows are sash windows and the" woodwork is 
painted white. The accommodation on the ground floor comprises 
drawing-room and study with folding-doors between, dining-room, 
pantry arranged as servery, kitchen, scullery, and offices. On the 
upper floor are four bedrooms, a dressing-room, and bathroom. Cost 
on application to the architect. 

" Ingledell," Camberley, Surrey. H. R. & B. A. Poulter, Architects. 

{See pp. 149, 150.) 

This cottage is built on a sandy site, sloping rapidly to the south. 
The walls are built of local bricks, lime rough-casted, and the exterior 
woodwork is painted brown. The roofs are covered with red hand- 
made tiles. Internally the walls are plastered, the ceilings and friezes 
being in white plaster. The joinery is painted brown. The glazing, 
by the client's desire, is done in heavy plate glass. The ground floor 
comprises drawing-room with small verandah, dining-room, study, 
kitchen, servants' hall, offices, and enclosed yard. In the basement 
there is a heating chamber. On the first floor there are five bed- 
rooms, bathroom, linen cupboard, &c., on the attic floor three 
servants' bedrooms and boxroom. Cost on application to the 
architects. 

Cottage at Letchworth, Herts. M. H. Baillie- Scott, Architect. 

{Sec'pp. 151, 152.) 

Mr. Baillie-Scott's houses are always interesting, and this house, 
built for an artist at the Garden City, is no exception to the rule. 
As might be expected the cottage has been specially designed with 
the convenience of the owner in view. There is a large studio the full 
height of the building, with a large north light, and a corridor on the 
first floor forming a gallery at one end. There is a large garden 
porch which serves both for the studio and the large living room which 
has a dining recess off" it. A children's room with small verandah 
is also a feature of the ground plan. On the upper floor there are 
five bedrooms, bathroom, etc. The casement windows have leaded 
lights. Cost on application to the architect. 

Cottage at Harmer Green. Eden & Freeman, Architects. {Sec pp. 152, 153.) 

This cottage presents an unusual and interesting treatment, 
showing a long low elevation, with the bedrooms in the roof and 
the chimney stacks kept low. The main entrance is on the right- 
hand side of the small bay, which also forms the staircase under 

104 




GENERAL VIEW. 





GROUND FLOOR PLAN. FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 

COTTAGE AT BEESTON, NOTTS. 
A. W. BREWILL and BASIL E. BAILY, Architects. 

Built of red sand bricks, with upper part rougli-casted, and roofed with green slates. Woodwork painted white, 
and casement windows with leaded lights, Cost, ;^850. See p. 82. 



105 




COTTAGE IN THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE COTSWOLD DISTRICT. 
ERNEST GIMSON. Architect. 

Built of rubble stone, quarried on site ; walls 2 feet thick, and rough-casted. Roof of straw thatch, 
14 inches thick. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 87. 



106 





PAIR OF COTTAGES AT LLANFAIRFECHAN, N. WALES. 
H. L. NORTH, Architect. 



Built of brick, rough-cast, with thick small slates on roof having a pattern formed with green ones. The long 
roofs protect from the prevailing south-west and north-east gales. Native oak posts to verandah. Front 
doors of elm. Casement windows with leaded lights. Cost of pair, ;^9io. See p. 87. 



107 













/ 




Groaad P/an- 



REDROOFS," HENLEY-ON-THAMES. OXON. 
JOHH W. FAIR and VAL MYER, Architects. 




J^/rsf Moor. 



Built of local red brick, with deep channelled joints, and whitewashed. Roof covered with local red, sand-faced 
tiles, and exterior woodwork painted white. Cost on application to the Architects. See p. 87. 



108 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 





GROUND FLOOR PLAN, FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 

COTTAGE AT BUCKHURST HILL, ESSEX. 
A. NEEDHAK WILSON, Architect. 

Built of stock brick, rough-cast ; roof covered with Broseley tiles. All internal walls distempered. Total cost, 
including fencing, electric bells, gas and decoration, £^^o. See p. 87. 



rog 




flf=?5r TLOOR FLAN 



CROUMD PLAM, 
"KNIGHTON," BOSTON SQUARE, HUNSTANTON. 

H. G. /fiSfffSO/V, Architect. 

Built of local carstone, with rough-cast bay, gables and chimney stacks. Leaded lights. Cost, /756. See p. 88. 



B A c n ft o/i o 




e02T0ff 5QU/in£ 
BLOCK PLAN OF HOUSES AT HUNSTANTON, "nORTHERNHAY" AND KNIGHTON," showing reason 

OF PLANNING TO OVERLOOK GARDEN IN SAME OWNERSHIP. 




ffl- 



ATTIC 
PLflH, 



riRSr FLOOR 
FUfln 

" NORTHERNHAY," BOSTON SQUARE, HUNSTANTON. (See p. SS anrf /nx( paste.) 
H. e. IBBERSON, Architect. 






I B 



(- « o 
a 2 - 





'y 



ppiiwiiiiiiiwi^^ 



COTTAGE IN THE BOURNE, FARNHAM (AS ALTERED). .. 
NIVEH, WIGQLBSWORTH and FALKNER, Archileots. 

Represents a small farmhouse adapted as a cottage residence. Built of brick, part of weather boarding, 
old tile roof. Cost on application to the Architects^ See p. 88. 



with 



M 



ti3 




s 
< » 



IM 





FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 




GROUND PLAN. 



COTTAGE, WITH PERGOLA, FARNHAM, SURREY. 
NIVEH. WICGLESWORTH and FALKNEK, Architects. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with wood casement windows and red tiled roof. Cost, about ,£950. 
See p. 93. 



"5 




LEA COTTAGE. 

Photograph by H. Irving, 




GROUND PLAN, STONEYWELL COTTAGE. 



GROUND PLAN, LEA COTTAGE. 



TWO HOLIDAY HOME COTTAGES IN CHARNWOOD FOREST, LEICESTERSHIRE. 
ERNEST GIMSOn, Architect. 



Built of local stone, and thatched. Cost cannot be exactly stated ; but particulars on application to the 
Architects. See p. 93. 



116 




LEA COTTAGE. 
Photograph by H. Irving 




STONEYWELL COTTAGE. 
Photograph by H, truing. 



TWO COTTAGES IN CHARNWOOD FOREST, LEICESTERSHIRE. {See opposite page.) 
ERNEST GlltlSON, /Architect. 



117 




GENERAL VIEW FROM GARDEN. 



fi^fc Bedrooms O^cr 




COTTAGE AT UPPER WARLINGHAM. SURREY. 
P. MORUY HORDER, Architect. 



Built of brick, rough-casted, with red brick cbininey stacks, and red tiles on the roof. Cost, 
/i.ioo. See p. 95. 



iiS 










ROSEBRIERS," LLANFAIRFECHAN, N. WALES. 
H. L. NORTH, Architect. 

Built of local granite throughout, with chimneys and ridges of brindled Buckley brick. Terrace walls are granite laid 
without mortar, and the stones have uncut faces. Roof covered with third quality thick slates. Cost, ;^i,ooo. 
See p. 95. 

iig 




THE DINING-ROOM, 




THE DRAWING-ROOIVI AND ANTE-ROOM. 

" RDSEBRIERS,' LLAN FAIRFECHAN, N, WALES. ISee previous page.) 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 
Pliotograpli bij W. H. Watts. 




P\aT) o-^ f5e (^oond "flooC 



HOUSE AT LETCHWORTH, HERTS. 
HALSEY RICARDO, Architect. 

Built of local white stock brick, with elm weather boarding to gables, and old tiles on roof. Cost, /i,05i. See p. g6. 




VIEW FROM THE GARDEN. 

Photograph bij W. H. Watts. 




SECOND FLOORTPLAN. 



HOUSE AT LETCHWORTH, HERTS. (See previous page.) 





HOUSE AT CROMPTON, NEAR GUILDFORD, SURREY. 
P. MORLEY HORDER, Architect. 



Built of brick, rough-cast, with red tiled roof, and stone dressings to windows, etc. Casement windows with 
leaded lights. Cost of house, only /i,250. See p. 96. 

NOTE.— A comparison of plan with the view shows that the position of the long and short wings of the house are not in agreement. This 
is due to an error in tracing from a reversed " Sun Print." Holding the plan up to a looking-glass would correct the error. 



123 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 




TILEHURST,' BUSHEY, HERTS. 
C. F. A. VOYSBY, ArchiteQt. 




> 




Built of brick, rough-casted, with stone dressings to windows. Wrought iron casement windows with leaded lights. 
Red tile roof. Cost, ^i,ooo. See p. g6. 





125 




'TILEHURST," BUSHEY, HERTS: THE SITTING HALL. (See prevhus page.) 




COTTAGE AT HOOK HEATH, FROM THE LAWN. (Set owo»,(. ,j,.,j, ) 
GODFREY PINKERTON, Architect. 
Photograph by the City Art Photo. Co. 



126 




VIEW FROM THE LAWN 



Wl 




FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



ATTIC PLAN. 



GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 
COTTAGE AT HOOK HEATH, WOKING, SURREY. 
GODFREY PINKERTON, /Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tiled roof and casement windows. Cost on application to the Architect. 
See p. loi. 



127 





r T' f ■ 

t * mill 

II I] II 



' "•^^•J^Witt*;^^, 






HOUSE AT LYNDEN END. NEAR BIRMINGHAM. 
HEKBEFIT T. BUCKLAHD and f. HAyWOOD-FARKEH, Arohllects. 

Built of brick, rou.a;li-castecl, with chimney stacks of Black Country brindled bricks. Roof covered with Hartshill 
tiles. Cost ^1,150. Seep, loi. 



128 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

which is a room for photographic purposes. It will be noted that the 
tiled hall is a long corridor, and that the entrance and staircase as 
well as the nursery and kitchen departments are shut off from it, thus 
forming a sitting-room with fireplace. The day and night nurseries 
are both situated on the ground floor, the former having a big bay 
window, with window seats. The kitchen department is self- 
contained, and the latter has a big bay with seats balancing the 
day nursery window. At the other end of the building on the upper 
floor are six bedrooms, with bathroom, &c. The walls are built of 
brick, rough-casted, and are built of some thickness, and hollow in 
some places to give greater protection against extremes of heat and 
cold. Cost on application to the architects. 

Cottage at Roehampton, Surrey. No. i. A. Jessop Hard wick, Architect. 

{Seep. 154.) 

This is an extremely picturesque cottage, and forms a very 
suitable model for a country home. The exterior walls are of brick, 
with white rough-cast over, and the woodwork is of Oregon pine 
stained to a very dark brown colour, almost black. The shutters are 
painted green. The small dome is covered with copper, and the 
roofs are covered with red tiles. The accommodation on the ground 
floor comprises a sitting-hall, dining-room, drawing-room, cloak-room, 
kitchen, offices, and bicycle-room. Back stairs are provided so that 
servants need not enter the sitting-hall to go upstairs. On the first 
floor are two bedrooms, day and night nurseries, and bathroom, and 
on the attic floor are two more bedrooms and a dark-room. The 
sitting-hall is panelled in oak, and the drawing-room contains a 
special piece of decoration by a lady artist. This takes the form of 
a frieze, with low relief Grecian figures, having a suggestion of flesh- 
tint colour on a creamy white background. 

Cottage at Roehampton, Surrey. No. 2. A. Jessop Hardwick, Architect. 

{Seep. 155.) 

This is another of the four cottage residences erected close 
together from Mr. Hardwick's designs, so that the spot is some- 
times called Hardwick's corner. This cottage has a very pleasant 
sitting-hall, also a drawing-room, dining-room, kitchen, cycle-room, 
and offices on the ground floor, and on the first floor are five 
bedrooms and bathroom. The hall is treated in dark stained deal. 
Cost on application to the architect. 

" Curraghvoe, " Camberley, Surrey. H, R. & B. A. Poulter, Architects. 

{Seep. 156.) 
This cottage is built on a flat, sandy, roadside site. The walls 
are of Taylor's bricks, covered with cement rough-casted and white- 
washed. The wood-work is creosoted. The roofs are covered with 
old tiles, and the glazing, by the client's desire, is in plate glass. 
Internally the walls are "finished in white plaster, as also are ceilings 
and friezes. The joinery is painted brown. The ground floor accom- 
modation consists of drawing-room, dining-room, study, small hall. 



o 



I2g 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

kitchen, offices, and small verandah. On the upper floor there are 
five bedrooms and bathroom, &c. Cost on application to the 
Architects. 

Desigrn for a Cottage Residence. William Henry White, Architect. 

(,SV^/. 157.) 
This cottage was designed for a client, but not subsequently- 
carried out. The plan is of the modern type, with a large dining- or 
living-hall, with ingle fireplace and big bay window, also separate 
entrance to the grounds. There are also a small entrance hall, 
drawing-room, study, kitchen, scullery, servant's bedroom, and usual 
offices on the ground floor. On the upper floor are five bedrooms, 
bathroom, &c. The cottage was to be built of brick, rough-casted, 
and finished a cream colour. The roof to be covered with red tiles. 
Estimated cost, ;/^i,300. 

Cottage at Garboldisham, Norfolk. P. Morley Horder, Architect. 

{Seep. 158.) 

This cottage home was built in connection with an old brewing 
house, the buildings of which were converted into stabling, gardener's 
cottage, &c. The residence proper is planned to form, with the older 
buildmgs, a carriage court, with covered way to the stables. On the 
ground floor there is a drawing-room with ingle, sitting-hall, dining- 
room, kitchen, offices, and large verandah. On the upper floor, nine 
bedrooms, bathroom, &c. The materials are brick, roughcast, with 
red tile roof and wrought-iron casement windows with leaded lights. 
The contract cost was ;/^i,500. 

Cottage at Purley, Surrey. C. H. B. Quennell, Architect. {See p. 15Q.) 

This cottage is built on the Downs and commands fine views. 
The sunny side is at the back, and the dining- and drawing-rooms are 
placed on that front. There are beside on the ground floor a study 
with folding-doors opening into the drawing-room, kitchen, scullery, 
cycle house, and offices. On the upper floor are five bedrooms, 
dressing-room, bathroom, and linen cupboard. Externally the walls, 
built hollow, are of red brick, with red tiles on the roof, and the 
windows are wood casements. Cost on application to the architect. 

Thornthwaite Vicarage, Keswick, Cumberland. Barry Parker & 
Raymond Unwin, Architects. {Seep. 160.) 

The work of these architects, quite in a new and modern vein, 
is well known. Unfortunately considerations of time and space pre- 
vent the inclusion of more than a couple of examples of their 
interesting and delightful houses. Thornthwaite Vicarage, the 
smaller of the two, is delightfully situated amid beautiful Cumber- 
land scenery. It is a quiet house with rough-cast over local stone 
walls and green Westmoreland slate roof. The accommodation 
consists of living-room, sitting-hall, study, kitchen, butler's pantry, 
scullery, &c., on ground floor, with five bedrooms, bathroom, &c., on 
the upper floor. Below the study is an excellent well-lighted cellar. 
Cost on application to the architects. 

130 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

* 

House at Wigginton, Staffordshire. Herbert T. Buckland & E. Haywood - 
Farmer, Architects. {See pp. i6i, 162.) 
This dwelling was built for a solicitor in practice in the small 
country town of Tamworth, from which place it is about a mile and 
a half away. It stands on a gentle slope, with the garden front 
looking over a fine stretch of typical Staffordshire scenery. The 
walls are built of thin (2-inch) Black Country brindled bricks, with 
thick white joints, and this brickwork looks really well, and possesses 
a fine texture. The roofs are covered with Hartshill tiles. All the 
copings and gables are formed with the same bricks as the rest of the 
house. Internally, the woodwork is of deal, painted. To add 
interest to otherwise plain rooms, modelled enriched cornices have 
been executed in place of the more commonly-used plaster moulded 
ones. The photographs do not, unfortunately, show the diaper 
patterning in the brickwork as clearly as could be wished ; but this 
adds much to the general effect. The accommodation on the ground- 
floor is : — Dining-room, drawing-room, hall, study, kitchen, and 
offices, with wash-house and enclosed yard ; on the first floor there 
are four bedrooms, a dressing-room and bathroom, &c. ; and in the 
attics four other rooms. The cost of the house was ^^1,293, and the 
stables cost another ^^225. 

"The White Cottage" at Englefield Qreen, Egham, Surrey. Nicholson & 
Corlette, Architects. {See pp. 162, 163.) 

This picturesque cottage is built of brick, rough-casted, with 
red pantiles on the roof. The feature of the ground-floor plan is 
the large living-room with ingle fireplace, this room having a 
modelled plaster ceiling by G. P. Bankart. Opening out of this 
is a spacious verandah. There are also on the ground floor, a 
dining-room, small hall with fireplace, sitting-room, garden entrance 
with cupboard for games apparatus, small servant's bedroom, 
kitchen, store, offices and small laundry. On the upper floor are 
seven bedrooms, bathroom, linen cupboard, and another large 
cupboard. The cost, which is extremely moderate, may be 
ascertained from the architects. 

House at Swansea, South Wales. P. Morley Horder, Architect. {See p. 164.) 

This is a very charming little house with a fine water-garden 
scheme. The walls are built of local stone, rough-cast. The roof is 
covered with Westmoreland slates. The windows are wrought-iron 
casements with leaded lights. On the ground floor there is a 
drawing-room with bay, ingle, and verandah, sitting-hall, dining- 
room, study, entrance hall, pantry, kitchen, and offices. On the 
upper floor there are four bedrooms, bathroom, sitting - landing, 
linen-room, and box-room. The cost was ;^i,6oo. 

Cottage at Northwood, Middlesex. C. H. B. Quennell, Architect. 

{See p. 165.) 

This cottage was built round a corner with the object of saving 
a fine old tree indicated in the drawing. The walls outside are of 
brick, covered with rough-cast, and the windows are wood casements 

131 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

filled with leaded lights. The accommodation on the ground floor is 
a small hall, dining- and drawing-rooms, both with bays, study, kitchen, 
scullery, servery through pantry, and offices. Upstairs there are 
four bedrooms and servants' bedroom, bathroom, linen cupboard, and 
box-room. Cost on application to the architect. 

" Kings -Wood, " Harpsden Heights, Oxon. John W. Fair & Val Myer, 
Architects. {Seep. i66.) 

This house is built of brick, faced with cement rough-cast, 
lime-whitened. The base is built of local red bricks and the quoins 
are formed with tiles. The roofs are covered with hand-made tiles 
and the exterior woodwork is painted white. The hall and staircase 
hall are paved with red quarries and the drawing-room is panelled 
and painted white, while the dining-room has a panelled dado 
7 ft. high, with beamed ceiling. On the ground floor there are 
in addition to the accommodation mentioned, a morning-room, 
verandah, kitchen, scullery, laundry, offices and enclosed yard. 
On the upper floor there are six bedrooms, bathroom, linen and 
three other cupboards, &c. The cost was £i,'^2'j. 

Cottage at Wickhara Bishops, Essex. C. H. B. Quennell, Architect. 

{Seep. 167.) 

This cottage has been designed as a holiday home, and the 
seven bedrooms are all on one floor so that labour is reduced as much 
as possible. A larger dining-room was required than drawing-room, 
as well as a good verandah. In addition to this accommodation 
there are on the ground floor a smoking-room, kitchen, and offices, 
and a small hall with fireplace. There are a bathroom and linen 
cupboard on the first floor. The walls, which are built with a hollow 
space, are of red brick, and the roof is covered with red tiles. The 
house stands on high land, looking towards Maldon and an arm of 
the Blackwater river, in one of the prettiest parts of Essex. Cost on 
application to the architect. 

"The Warren," Totteridge, Herts. Nicholson & Corlette, Architects. 

{Seep. 168.) 

This is another excellent cottage design by Messrs. Nicholson 
& Corlette, the material being brick, rough-casted, with a roof 
of red tiles. The cottage contains on the ground floor a dining- 
room, drawing-room, study, small hall, kitchen and offices, and 
on the upper floor four bedrooms, dressing-room, bathroom, and 
linen cupboard. The cost may be ascertained from the architects. 
"The Dingle," Dore, Cheshire. Edgar Wood, Architect. {Seep. 169.) 
Mr. Wood has a wide reputation for excellent domestic work, 
fully borne out by the example selected to represent him in this book. 
" The Dingle " is a charming little house in one of the most pic- 
turesque parts of England. It is built of local stone rubble with 
stone-slate roof. The windows have wrought-iron casements with 
leaded lights. The accommodation comprises on the ground floor, 
dining-room, hall, nursery, kitchen and scullery, with offices ; on the 
first floor, four bedrooms and bathroom ; and on the attic floor, two 
bedrooms and box-room. The cost was ^1,700. 

132 



sifcipprr 







GROUND FLOOR 
PLAN. 




THE BUNGALOW, SEACROFT LINCOLNSHIRE. 
A. W. BREWILL and BASIL E. BAILY, Architects. 



UPPER FLOOR 
PLAN. 




Built of red bricks, covered above the plinth with rough-cast, tlie roof being covered with red tiles. Casement 
windows with leaded lights. Cost, ;^i,200. See p. loi. 



133 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 




f l ■ ^ GROUND PJL^nJ I 



!T^ omMimrpL^Ni nr 



HOUSE AT BRIDLINGTON. YORKS. 

HERBERT T. BUCKLAliD and E. HAYWOOD-FARMER, Archilects. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, the roof covered with Hartshill tiles. The caps of the chimneys and the dressings of 
the front door are of Staffordshire bricks, rather blue in colour. Cost, ;^i.ii2. See p. 102. 



«34 




GARDEN FRONT: LOOKING SEAWARDS. 




THE DINING-ROOM. 

HOUSE AT BRIDLINGTON. (See previous page.) 



135 





136 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 





GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 
COTTAGE AT CAMBERLEY, SURREY. 
C. H. B. QUEHHELL, Architect. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



Built of red brick, upper portion rough-casted. Roof covered with red tiles. Casement windows with leaded 
lights. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 102. 



137 




COTTAGE AT CAMBERLEY, FROM THE PLANTATION. {See previous page.) 




COTTAGE AT HEYSHOTT. MIDHURST, SUSSEX: GARDEN FRONT. (See »e.( pnge.J 



•38 




flUST f^P f^. 



COTTAGE AT HEYSHOTT, MIDHURST, SUSSEX. 
HORACE FIELD, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, witli red tiled roof. Wood casement windows. Cost on application to the Architect. 
See p. 102. 



'39 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 
Photograph by B. A. Poulter. 




GDOVND fL03D PLAN 

"WOODCOTE," CAMBERLEY. SURREY. 




NOTE 

TWO BCDC3COM5 AND 
BOXES IN DODf ALSO 
CCLLAD IN BASEMENT 



riDST HOOD PLAN 



H. R. and B. A. POULTBR. Architects. 



Built with a brick plinth, oak timber framing above, with Taylor's bricks as filling, covered with cement 
rough-cast, and whitewashed. Roof covered with old tiles. Wrought iron casement windows with leaded 
lights. Cost on application to the Architects. See p. 103. 



140 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

Cottage at Coombe, Surrey. A. Jessop Hardwick, Architect. {Seep. 170.) 

The feature of this cottage is the big verandah, about 35 feet 
long by 14 feet deep, which is largely used by the owner in the 
summer months as a living-room. Another quaint and interesting 
feature is the small hall and the vaulted corridor leading out of it to 
the lobby and verandah. This corridor is large enough for sitting 
purposes. The materials used were red brick with red tiles for the 
roof. The woodwork is stained to a very dark, almost black, brown. 
The windows have leaded lights with diamond panes. The accom- 
modation on the ground floor, besides the verandah, comprises a 
dining-room, drawing-room, study, kitchen, and offices. On the first 
floor are four bedrooms, dressing-room, and bathroom, and there are 
two other bedrooms in the roof. Cost on application to the 
architect. 

House at London Road, Newark, Notts. A. W. Brewill & Basil E. Baily, 
Architects. {See p. 171.) 

This house is built of red bricks, the upper portion being 
covered with rough-cast, and the roof covered with red tiles. The 
principal external feature is the wood modelled cornice. A portion 
of the first floor is brought out, forming an entrance portico. The 
roof is covered with red tiles. The accommodation provided on 
the ground floor consists of a dining-room, drawing-room, and 
morning-room, with entrance hall, kitchen and offices. On the 
first floor there are four bedrooms, dressing-room, bathroom and 
linen cupboard, and on the second floor there are ^four more rooms 
in the roof. The cost was ;^i,650. 

Cottage at Biddenham, Bedfordshire, No. i. C. E. Mallows, Architect. 

{See pp. 172, 173.) 

This is a very charming cottage built of local " mingled " bricks, 
hard and well-burnt, but the cheapest — or nearly the cheapest — 
in the district. The uneven surface of the brickwork, combined 
with the varying tint of nearly every brick, gives a very pleasant 
texture and colour effect to the walls. The roof is covered with 
local hand-made red tiles, which in course of time will weather to a 
deep purple tone. The woodwork throughout is of canary whitewood, 
painted green outside ; and inside, left untouched from the bench. 
There is scarcely any internal paintwork of any kind. The garden 
was also designed by Mr. Mallows, and with the exception of a 
lily pond, was carried out as originally schemed. The accommo- 
dation consists of a large breakfast-room, and larger dining-room 
with ingle and window seat, a study and small hall, china closet, 
kitchen, offices, and bicycle house. On the first floor there are 
seven bedrooms, linen-room, bathroom with fireplace, and four large 
cupboards. Cost on application to the architect. 

Cottage at Biddenham, Bedfordshire, No. 2. C. E. Mallows, Architect. 

{See pp. 174, 175.) 

This typical English cottage home is built in the lower part 
of local hand-made red bricks, with the upper part of common 

141 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

brick covered with Portland cement rough-cast. Externally and 
internally the woodwork is painted white. The roof is covered 
with red local hand-made tiles similar to the other cottage at 
Biddenham by the same architect. The gardens in each case 
were designed by the architect and are often mistaken now for 
old gardens. In the present case the yew hedges are some four 
or five feet high. The accommodation comprises large drawing- 
room extending the full depth of the house, small hall, dining- 
room, morning-room, kitchen, scullery, cycle house and offices. 
On the first floor there are five bedrooms, two linen cupboards 
and bathroom, and boxroom in the loft entered through a trapdoor 
in the ceiling of first-floor landing. Cost on application to the 
architect. 

" Foxhold," Newbury, Berks. Mervyn E. Macartney, Architect. 

{See pp. 175, 176, 177.) 
This is another of Mr. Macartney's charming country homes. 
The difficulty in illustrating it has been to get an adequate view, 
as its picturesque situation, with the rapidly falling ground round it 
and with the one possible standpoint blocked by a high yew hedge, 
made only a sidelong perspective obtainable. The house is built of 
red brick, and the roof is covered with old tiles. The casement 
windows have leaded lights. On the ground floor there is a large 
studio with entrance to the garden, and doors communicating with 
the drawing-room ; these with the dining-room make up the sitting- 
room accommodation, which is shut off from the kitchen department. 
On the upper floor there are six bedrooms, a dressing-room, day 
and night nurseries, bathroom, hot closet, linen cupboard, &c. The 
garden was laid out from the architect's design. 

House at Orford, Suffolk. Harry Sirr and E. J. Rope, Architects. 

{Sec pp. i-n. 178-) 

The house was planned to give the principal rooms a south-east 
aspect for the sake of the sea and river view and the yacht racing. 
The materials are local red bricks and Yorkshire tiles, and the 
exterior elevations above the first-floor string level, as well as the 
whole of the two-storied bays, are all treated with plaster-work in 
panels. The hall and the staircase have panelled wood dadoes ; 
the four enclosing walls of staircase from first floor up to ceiling 
are panelled in plaster and wood, and the ceiling beams are 
exposed. The bays of the drawing- and dining-rooms, and also 
the side-board recess, are wood panelled, and the window recess 
in the hall is treated similarly. There are two very commodious 
attics, the easternmost with an excellent view across the river and 
intervening beach to the sea beyond. There is also a large 
cistern-room on this floor (over the bathroom) besides an apple 
loft and several store cupboards — in fact the whole area of the 
attic is floored and made use of. There is a cellar for beer, &c., 
below pantry. The interior plaster-work is Durescoed. Inclusive 
of detached offices, well, rain-water drains, and underground storage 
tank, and soil drains, the cost was ^^1,637. 

142 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

House at Loughton, Essex. T. Phillips Figgis, Architect. {Seep. 179.) 
This house, which has been built on a quick sloping site at the 
top of a hill overlooking Epping Forest, contains on the ground floor 
a good-sized sitting-room-hall, drawing-room, dining-room, and the 
usual kitchen offices. On the first floor, four bedrooms, bathroom, 
&c., and on second floor two bedrooms. The owner stipulated for 
few bedrooms but of good proportions in preference to a greater 
number of smaller area. The fall in the ground has admitted of 
a large billiard room being provided in the basement. In order to 
secure a particular view, and likewise the western sun, the drawing- 
room wing is projected at a special angle. The external walls are 
faced with red bricks and rough-cast on the upper storey. The roofs 
are covered with Broseley tiles and the gables tile hung. The total 
cost, including the fencing in of f of an acre, amounted to j/^1,780. 

Five Cottages at Woking, Surrey. Horace Field, Architect. 

{Seep. 180.) 

These five cottages were originally intended for labourers, but 
two or three of them have been taken for week-end dwellings, and 
they are therefore illustrated as a suggestion for a community who 
desire to live in the country and who require accommodation at a 
minimum cost. The walls are of brick, covered with cement, rough- 
cast, and the roofs are covered with red sand-faced tiles. The court- 
yard faces south, and has a pleasant outlook over a small common. 
The cottages are situated about f of a mile from Worplesdon Station. 
The accommodation, as can be seen, is limited, consisting of a living- 
room, kitchen, small scullery. Considerable ingenuity is shown in 
the planning. Each cottage has three bedrooms. Cost, ;^i,8oo, or 
^^360 each. 

Pair of Houses, Letchworth, Herts. H. Clapham Lander, Architect. 

{See pp. 181, 182.) 

These houses form one of the picturesque new blocks at the 
Garden City. The garden fronts have a south-easterly aspect, and 
the road front consequently a north-westerly one. All windows 
receive direct sunlight at some hour of the day. There are no 
unsightly back premises, the intention being that the houses should 
look equally well from any point of view. The site is fairly level, 
but slopes somewhat towards the north. The materials employed 
are brick walls covered externally with rough- cast, and plain tiles on 
roof. Internally granite silicon partitions, 2 inches thick, have been 
employed, with 6-inch square oak posts to carry the weights. The 
floors are of polished oak, and the staircase and other principal 
pieces of woodwork, including the doors, are also of oak. The walls 
of the rooms are covered with brown paper, except in the kitchen, 
bathroom, and lavatory, which are painted with white enamel. The 
plans show how exceedingly well adapted the houses are for the 
simpler conditions of life in week-end country visits or summer 
homes. The cost of the pair was about £i,joo. 

143 



CHAPTER VI. 

Descriptions of Cottages and Houses Costing from 
;^2,ooo to ;^3,5oo- 

It is extremely difficult to draw a hard-and-fast line between 
dwellings that may and may not be defined under the generic title 
of cottage. To the majority of people any house costing over 
-^1,000, or even a less sum — say ^^750 — is obviously not a cottage. 
Yet numerous examples — some of which are shown here — can be 
illustrated, which from their appearance are obviously designed on 
the old cottage lines, but in the matter of cost are not so easily 
designated. It must not be forgotten that while the homely cottage 
exterior may appeal to many people, the still more homely interior 
of the old cottage strikes an unresponsive chord, and thus the interior 
decoration and fitting are carried out on an entirely different basis. 
This fact in very many cases is responsible for a large increase in 
the total cost. 

Cottage at Qreenham Common, Berks. Mervyn E. Macartney, Architect. 

{Scefip. 182, 183.) 

This cottage was specially designed to provide separate and 
distinct accommodation for a caretaker to take charge of the place 
during the absence of the owner, and as shown on the plans the 
caretaker's sitting-room and bedroom is shut off from the rest of 
the house, being planned in one corner of the building, having easy 
communication with the kitchen, &c. Besides the caretaker's rooms 
there are on the ground floor a dining-room opening into a loggia, 
kitchen, scullery, cycle-room, room for heating apparatus, and offices. 
On the first floor there is a large laboratory, drawing-room, and 
three bedrooms ; and on the second floor there are two bedrooms, 
bathroom, linen cupboard, and box-room. The house is built of 
brick, rough-casted, and stone dressings to windows, &c. The walls 
have been wired over for creepers, which gives the diaper effect seen 
in the illustration. The roof is covered with red tiles, and the 
windows have wrought-iron casements with leaded lights. A feature 
is the garden laid out from the architect's designs, and the little 
garden-house is illustrated. Cost on application to the architect. 

The White Cottage, Hampstead. Horace Field, Architect. {Sec p. 184.) 

This is a borderland cottage — on the border between town and 
country — and was erected for an artist. It is built of brick, rough- 
casted, and has a red-tiled roof. The accommodation on the ground 

144 




FIRST 
FLOOR 
PLAN. 



PLAN OF THE WHITE COTTAGES." 
WHITE COTTAGES AND "fRIDHEM," HUNSTANTON. 
H. C. IBBERSON, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with local stone dressings. Cost of " White Cottages," ^1,192. Seep. 103. 



145 




146 






V) 



147 



-i^'^s 










14S 




149 




NOTE THQEE iEPVANTS 
BCDRCrOMS AND 
A BOXRGDM IN DGOf 
AND A Hf ATING 
CHAMKQ IN BA:>CMENT 




INGLEDELL," CAMBERLEY, SURREY. 
H. n. and B. A, POULTER, Ai-nhiUcta, 

Built of local bricks, lime rough-casted, and exterior woodwork painted brown. Roof covered with red handmade 
tiles. Cost on application to the Architects. See p. 104. 



150 




GARDEN FRONT. 
Photograph by W. H. Watts. 





■QUoyNDTTOB PLAN 



■ F1E3T- rma- plan ■ 



COTTAGE AT LETCHWORTH, HERTS. 
M. H. BAILLIE SCOTT, Architeoi. 



Built of brick, rough-cast, with old tiles on roof, and casement windows with leaded lights. Cost on application to 
the Architect. See p. 104. 



151 




COTTAGE AT LETCHWORTH. (See preuhns page.) 
Pliotograph tj W. H. Watts. 




COTTAGE AT HARMER GREEN: GARDEN FRONT. (See next page.) 



152 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 




GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 
COTTAGE AT HARMER GREEN. 
EDEN and FREEMAN, Architects. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with old tiles on the roof. Cost on application to the Architects. See p. 104, 



153 




♦ nesr fig€ ^h ♦ 



COTTAGE AT ROEHAMPTON. SURREY. NO. 1. 
A. JESSOP HARDWICK, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-cast, with woodwork of Oregon pine, stained to a verv dark brown colour, almost black. The 
shutters are painted green. The small dome is covered with copper, and tlie roof with red tiles. Cost on 
application to the Architect. See p. 129. 



154 






GRPUrtD Fi-OOH Pi./\fi 



» FIR,3T fLOOQ. fLRH ♦ 



COTTAGE AT ROEHAMPTON SURREY. NO. 2. 
A. JESSOP HARDWICK, Architect. 

Built of red brick, witli upper part in oak, half-timber and tile facings. Roof of red tiles. Wood casement 
windows with leaded lights. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 129. 



155 




Photograph by B. A. Poiilter. 




UPPER FLOOR PLAN. 



CURRAGHVOE." CAMBERLEY, SURREY. 
H. R. and B. A. POULTBB, Architects. 



Built of brick, rough-cast, and whitewashed. Tlie external woodwork is creosoted. The roofs are covered 
with old tiles. Cost on application to the Architects. See p. 129. 



156 




GARDEN FRONT. 





OtaOUND Pl^J^ 



DESIGN FOR A COTTAGE RESIDENCE, NOT CARRIED OUT. 
WM. HENRY WHITE, Architect. 



Reuboom Puw 



To be built of brick, rough-casted, and finished to a cream colour. Casement windows. Cost, 
estimated at ;fi,300. See p. 130. 



157 











triTEAnct 





FIRST FLOOR PLAN, 



HOUSE AT GARBOLDISHAM. NORFOLK. 
P. MORLEY HORDER, Architect. 



The buildings outlined were formerly used as a brewhouse, and have been converted and adapted for stabhng and 
gardener's cottage. On to them the house has been built at a cost of £'^•5°°- See p. 130. 



158 







c^^. 



/f' tVr/iifve7 5>f-m««*»!wi 






fe^'\ 



^ttttfH- 



^"/-^^ 




GP°iJ/yD rioo/p pi^/y 




F/P/T fioop Pl/l/i 



COTTAGE AT PURLEY, SURREY. 
C. H. B. QUENNELL, Architect. 

Built of red brick, with red tiled roof and wood casement windows. Cost on application to the Architect. 
See p. 130. 



159 







5 I t? 



s S 



1 60 




HOUSE AT WIGGINTON, STAFFORDSHIRE. 
HERBERT T. BUCKLAND and E. HAVWOOD-FARIII£R, Architects. 

Built of thin 2 inch Black Country bricks, with thick white joints. Roof of Hartshill tiles. Cost, exclusive of 
stabling, ;fi, 293. Seep. 131. 



161 




HOUSE AT WIGGINTON. GARDEN FRONT. See preuiaus page. 




THE WHITE COTTAGE," ENGLEFIELD GREEN, EGHAM. See next page. 
Photograph by the City Art Photo. Co. 



162 




VIEW FROM THE GARDEN. 
Photograph by the City Art Photo. Co. 




BEDROOM PLAN 



THE WHITE COTTAGE, ENGLEFIELD GREEN, EGHAM, SURREY. 
NICHOLSON ami COHLETTE, Architects. 

Built of brick, covered with white rougli-cast, roof covered with pantiles. Exterior woodwork painted white 
and jalousies green. Cost on application to the Architects. See p. 131. 



163 






HOUSE AT SWANSEA. S. WALES. 
P. mORLEY HORDER, Architect. 

Built of local stone, rough-cast. Roof covered with Westmoreland slates. Wrought iron casements with leaded 
lights. Cost, ^i,6oo. See p. 131. 



164 




fyVfilbfra jy. -TWr 





COTTAGE AT NORTHWOOD, MIDDLESEX. 
C. H. B. QUENHELL, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with I'ed tile roofs. The plan was arranged as shown to show a fine old tree indicated 
in the sketch. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 131. 



165 





GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



UPPER FLOOR PLAN. 



KINGS-WOOD, HARPSDEN HEIGHTS. OXON 
JOHN W. FAIR and VAL MIER, Architects. 



Built of brick, faced with cement rough-cast and )ime-\vhitened. Base of local red bricks and quoins fortned 
with tiles. Roof covered with hand-made tiles and the exterior woodwork painted white. Cost £\,^2']. 
See p. 132. 



166 




! ^ 



Wk0j:0i^.M(':Ul 



Gffoi//fD /zoopP/^/f 




f//?/T fioop Pi/in 




COTTAGE AT WICKHAM BISHOPS, ESSEX, 
e. H. B. QUENNELL, Architect, 

Built of red brick, with red tiled roof. Cost on application to the Architect. See page 132. 



167 




Photograph by the City Art Photo. Co. 




GROUND FLOOR PLAN 
THE WARREN," TOTTERIDGE, HERTS 
NICHOLSON AND CORLETTB, Architects. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN 



Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tile roof. External woodwork painted white, except jalousies, which are 
green. Cost on application to the Architects. See p. 132. 



Ib8 









GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



ATTIC PLAN. 



THE DINGLE," DORE, CHESHIRE. 
BDGAR WOOD, Architect. 

Built of local stone rubble, with stone-slate roof. Windows with wTought-iron casements and leaded lights. Cost, 
;fi,7oo. See p. 132. 



169 






GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



COTTAGE AT COOIVIBE. SURREY. 
A. Jessop Hardtuick, Architect. 



Built of red brick, witli red tile roof. A feature of the house is the big verandah. Cost on application 
to the .\rchitect. See p. 141. 



170 










GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



HOUSE AT LONDON ROAD, NEWARK, NOTTS 
A. W. BREWIIL and BASIL £. BAILY, Architects. 

Built of red bricks, the upper portion covered with rough-cast, and tlie roof covered witli red tiles. The principal 
external feature is a wood moduled cornice. The cost was /^i,65o. See p. 141. 



171 






GROUND PLAN. 

COTTAGE AT BIDDENHAM, BEDFORDSHIRE. NO. 1. 
e. f. MALLOWS, Architect. 



BEDROOM PLAN. 



Built of local "mingled" hard well-burnt bricks, with local hand-made red tile roof, weathering in time to deep 
purple. Exterior woodwork painted green. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 141. 



172 




173 




GARDEN FRONT, 




BEDROOM PLAN. 




L OiV//Y(r QiK 



DQiWNG m 




I * 






;>'4Qp- 



GROUND PLAN. 



COTTAGE;. AT BIDDENHAM, BEDFORDSHIRE. NO. 2. 
e. E. HALLOWS, Architect. 



Built of brick, rough-casted on upper store}*, with red tile roof. Leaded light casements. Cost on application to 
the Architect. See p. 141 



174 




175 




GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 
"FOXHOLD." NEWBURY, BERKS. 

UERVtN E. KACARTHEY. Architect. 

Built of red brick, roof covered with old tiles. Casement windows with leaded lights 
to the Architect. See p. 142. 



Cost on application 



176 




A CORNER OF THE LAWN AND THE STABLES. 
"fOXHOLD," NEWBURY, BERKS. 




HOUSE AT ORFORD. SUFFOLK: THE HALL (See next pose.) 

Photograph by H. Dixon & Son. 



177 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 
Photograph bit H. Dixo" & Son. 





GROUND FLOOR. 

HOUSE AT ORFORD, SUFFOLK. 
HARRY SIRR and f. J. ROPE, /Irchilecls. 



CHAMBER FLOOR. 



Built of local red bricks and Yorkshire tiles, the e.xterior walls above the ground floor and the bays are treated with 
plaster-work in panels — some "combed" in with the old-fashioned tool. Cost, /i, 637. Seep. 142. 



178 






GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 
HOUSE AT LOUGHTON, ESSEX. 
T. PHILLIPS FIGGIS, Architect. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



^''^"atls^me'hunV' Cot ^xS.^leTS^'^' °" ''' "''''' ^'°"'"'- ^°°' '°™^^' ™"^ ^'"°^^'^^ '''^^' ^"'^ *^ 



179 




GROUP OF FIVE COTTAGES AT WOKING, SURREY. 
HORACE FIELD, Architect. 



Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tile roofs. Wooden casement windows. Originally intended for workpeople; 
but two or three are let as week-end cottages. Cost for the five, ;{^i,Soo. See p. 143. 



I So 




Ground Piort 
PflIB Of I10U5E5 LlTCMWOQTH , HlKTd 



HCLftPMRf^ LANDLR flElSlA ABCHITLCT. 



PAIR OF HOUSES AT LETCHWORTH. 
H. CLAPHAM LANDEH, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tiled roofs. Woodwork painted green. Cost, ;f 1,700. See p. 143. 



181 




HOUSES AT LETCHWORTH: A HALL, ISee'preitwus oage.) 




COTTAGE AT GREENHAM COMMON BERKS THE GARDEN HOUSE iSee next page.) 



182 




VIEW FROM THE GARDEN. 




ATTIC PLAN. 
COTTAGE AT GREENHAM COMMON, BERKS. 

MERVYN E. MACARTNEY, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with stone dressings to windows, etc. Wrought-iron casements with leaded lightg. 
See p. 144. 



183 





GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



THE WHITE COTTAGE. HAMPSTEAD. 
HORACE FIELD, Architect. 



Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tiled roof. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. 144. 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

floor comprises dining-room, drawing-room, morning-room, large 
studio, kitchen, scullery, and offices ; on the first floor there are six 
bedrooms, bathroom, &"c. The cost may be ascertained on 
application to the architect. 

Cottage at Minehead, Somerset. Barry Parker & Raymond 
Unwin, Architects. {See pp. 193, 194.) 

This beautiful dwelling in charming surroundings was by no 
means easy to plan successfully. The finest view was towards the 
east, and it was the owner's desire that the principal rooms should 
face that way. The land falls very rapidly from south to north, and 
there is a fine view from the north. To give all the important rooms 
a southern exposure, while gaining for them a view to the east, and 
for the living-room, at any rate, that to the north and a charming 
peep up the valley to the west, was a difficult matter. Then to place 
all the stables in such a way as not to obstruct any sunshine on the 
house was another problem complicated by the necessity of making 
the approach to the house from the north side. The house was 
built as largely as possible of local material. The walls were 
rubble, of stone got from a quarry a few hundred yards away. 
The outside was rough-cast with local lime and gravel, which gives 
a beautiful cream colour. The insides of the walls were finished 
in Cheddar lime worked up to a rough stucco surface, and left 
without any decoration or colour or anything to in any way 
change the white effect resulting from the use of this lime. There 
was nothing special used in the way of woods for the internal 
joinery; it was all of red deal or pine. The window casements 
were of wrought iron with leaded panes. The roof was thatched, 
and the pavement of the courtyard and the steps were of Delabole 
slate. The accommodation is on the modern plan. A large 
living room with ingle, a study, dining-room, pantry, kitchen, 
scullery, with enclosed yard and offices, are on the ground floor. 
On the upper floor are four bedrooms, dressing-room and bath- 
room. The large living room goes right up to the roof, and is 
overlooked from a little' gallery on the first floor. Cost on appli- 
cation to the architects. 

"The Croft," Winchfield, Hants. Robert Weir Schultz, Architect. 

{See pp. 19s, 196.) 

The walls of this picturesque house are of red hand-made facing 
bricks, built hollow, and are eleven inches thick. The roof is boarded, 
felted, and covered with dark hand-made tiles. There are fir beams 
to the ceilings of the drawing-room, dining-room, and hall. The 
ingle in the drawing-room is built with thin bricks. The ground plan 
shows a small hexagonal porch, with inner doors opening into the 
hall and smoking-room, and large dining and drawing-rooms, each 
with bays and having communicating doors. There is also kitchen, 
scullery, and offices. On the first floor there are four bedrooms, two 
dressing-rooms, bathroom, linen-room, &c., and on the second floor 
five bedrooms, box-room, &c. The estimated cost was about ;^2,ooo. 

U 185 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

"The Orchard," Chorley Wood, Hertfordshire. C, F. A. Voysey, Architect. 

{See pp 196, IQ7.) 

This cottage is of particular interest, as it was built by Mr. 
Voysey for his own use, and may therefore be taken to represent this 
well-known architect's ideal of a home. The site is four hundred 
feet above sea level, and is situated in an old orchard of about 2^ 
acres in extent, standing on ground sloping slightly to the south. On 
the sunny side of the house is a large cherry tree, hfty-nine feet in 
diameter, which casts a cool shade on the lawn ; but is not near 
enough to shut the sun from any windows of the coLtage. There are 
three other such cherry trees, but hardly so large, and about 100 
apple trees, mostly of considerable age ; two walnut trees, one 
mulberry, and a well-formed wych elm. The ground is surrounded 
on three sides by very high hedges interspersed with holly bushes. 
The soil is gravel on chalk, and the cowslips, primroses, buttercups, 
snowdrops, violets, orchids, and honeysuckle grow wild in their 
respective seasons. The site is therefore ideal, and is further 
improved by the surrounding properties. At the back is common 
land, and facing the dwelling is a wood, the property of the Duke 
of Bedford, which is not to be bought or built over. The dwelling 
is small, having only live bedrooms and a good sized box-room, with 
ventilation at each end, the hot water tank in the middle warming 
long rows of shelves where linen is kept. The dining-room is 
20 ft. by 15 ft., and the study 20 ft. by 12 ft., with a recess for an 
ottoman couch. The schoolroom is 14 ft. by 12 ft. This room and 
the dining-room have long windows which let in all the sun till the 
hottest time of the day, when the sun gets round to the end of 
the house with its one small circular window. The hall is 16 ft. by 
17 ft. with the porch cut off one corner. It has a fireplace, and a 
long window seat arranged for the storage of rugs. Under the 
lavatory is a cellar, which derives light and air from a window above 
ground level but under the lavatory enclosure. The study has a 
steady north light and plenty of it. The rooms throughout the 
house are only eight feet high, and with their deep white frieze have 
an abundance of reflecting surface. 

Externally the house is of cement, rough-cast, over brick, the 
rough-cast being lime whitened. The windows have dressings of 
Corsham Down stone and are fitted with iron casements and leaded 
lights. All the paint-work outside is of pale Brunswick green, and 
the roofing is of green American slates in gradating courses. These 
are in colour a silvery gray, tinged here and there with pigeon 
plumage tints. The chimneys are surmounted with tapered pots, 
twice tarred. From the entrance gate to the main entrance porch, 
the hall, kitchen, and offices are paved with large slabs of Delabole 
grey slate, all the woodwork throughout the interior being painted 
white. Every room has a low picture-rail with distemper white 
frieze and ceiling above. The filling below in the hall, and on the 
staircase and landing is plain purple Eltonbury silk fibre paper. 
The dining-room walls are covered with the same material in green. 

186 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

The other rooms are papered with pattern papers, and the floors are 
covered with carpets designed by the architect. The whole of the 
first floor is covered with green cork carpet fitted to the walls, and 
upon this mats are placed where required. Most of the furniture is 
in quite plain oak, unstained and unpolished from Mr. Voysey's 
designs. The cost was about ^3,000. 

" Beaumonts," Edenbridge, Kent. Robert Weir Schultz, Architect. 

{See pp. 198, 199.) 

No book on English domestic architecture would be complete 
without some examples of the excellent work of Mr. Schultz. The 
three examples shown in this book are examples of the inimitable 
note of domesticity, free from ostentation and vulgarity, which has 
been more fully explained in another chapter. " Beaumonts " is a 
fairly large house, built of red hand-made local bricks. The upper 
part of the walls on two sides are tile hung on brick-nogging, and, 
on the third side, rough-cast on metal lathing. The dining-room and 
hall have oak furnishings, and the principal staircase is of oak. The 
ground-floor plan shows large drawing-room, dining-room, and sitting 
hall, with servants' hall, kitchen, scullery, and offices. On the upper 
floor are seven bedrooms, bathroom, linen cupboard, and box-room. 
The cost was about ;/|'2,400. 

Cottage at Bury, Sussex. Ctiarles Spooner, Architect. {See pp. 199, 201.) 

This charming thatched cottage was constructed by altering and 
adding to a small farmhouse and outbuildings. About it there is 
little to be said except that in the new work every endeavour was 
made to preserve the harmony of the old work, and how successfully 
this has been done may be judged from the illustrations. On the 
ground floor there is a large parlour, sitting-hall, dining-room, 
kitchen, and offices. On the upper floor, six bedrooms. The 
materials are local stone with Doulting stone dressings. The roof 
is of reed thatch, English oak is used for the joinery, and wrought 
iron fittings. The cost of alteration and reconstruction amounted 

to ;^2,000. 

Cottage at Leatherhead. P. Morley Horder, Architect. {See pp. 201, 202.) 

This is an interesting example of Mr. Horder's work, and the 
plan is uncommon. The house is built on the golf-links and has only 
a small formal garden, being practically open to the links. It is, of 
course, more of a permanent country home than a week-end cottage. 
The walls are of brick, rough-casted, and the roofs are covered with 
tiles. Some of the interior fireplaces are of brick with open hearths, 
but generally speaking there is nothing exceptional in the fitting up 
of the interior, and the cost is very reasonable. The features of the 
house are the large paved verandah to the south, the sloping 
wings, and the arched gable end forming an open air bedroom recess. 
The cottage was to be broken up with gables as much as possible 
by the client's request, making it difficult to reconcile the larger 

187 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

openings formed by sash windows, which were also stipulated for. 
The rooms inside are low — eight feet high — but the windows are kept 
high, with the ceilings coved down on to the architrave of the windows, 
merely a plain band of wood connecting windows and doors, and the 
plain pilasters of the chimney pieces. There is a good deal of accom- 
modation in the house, as in addition to the usual dining-room, 
drawing-room, and small study, the hall forms a separate room, and 
the schoolroom almost a wing in itself. Upstairs there are seven 
bedrooms and two bathrooms. The back staircase is conveniently 
arranged in the servants' wing. The cost can be ascertained on 
application to the architect. 

House at Stanmore, Middlesex. Horace Field, Architect. 

{Seep. 203.) 

This house was built close to the golf links as a residence. The 
brickwork is red, and the roofs and tile facings are of red sand-faced 
tiles. The accommodation comprises drawmg-room and ante-room, 
dining-room, billiard room, small hall with fireplace, cycle house, 
kitchen and offices. On the first floor are six bedrooms, dressing- 
room and bathroom, and two servants' rooms in the attics. The 
first floor windows are built a little differently to those shown on the 
plan, as can be seen from the view of the garden front. Cost on 
application to the architect. 

House at Appleton, Cheshire. William & Segar Owen, Architects. 

{See p. 204.) 

This house is built with local grey bricks, the timber-work 
throughout being of Dantzic oak, and the timber framing being solid 
without exception. The roofs are covered with soft sand tiles for 
vegetating. All the ground floors are of oak boards. The accommo- 
dation comprises, on the ground floor, drawing-room with a big bow 
window, communicating with a sitting hall, and both opening on to 
a verandah ; a dining-room, butler's pantrj', kitchen, scullery, and 
offices, and enclosed yard. On the upper floor are five bedrooms, 
three dressing-rooms, bathroom, &c. The windows are wrought- 
iron casements with leaded lights and diamond panes. Cost on 
application to the architects. 

House, High Cliffe, Appleton, Cheshire. William & Segar Owen, 
Architects. {See p. 205.) 

This picturesque house is built in Accrington bricks, with 
vegetating sand tiles on the roof. The architects have obtained 
some play in the fine chimney stacks. The accommodation on the 
ground floor comprises a sitting-hall, drawing-room, dining-room, 
loggia, kitchen and offices, wash-house, motor-house, and enclosed 
yard. On the first floor there are day and night nurseries, three 
bedrooms, dressing-room, bathroom, etc., and owing to the levels of 
the ground a short flight of six steps from the day nursery brings one 
to the terrace, which is a considerable convenience for children and 

188 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

nurses. On the second floor there are four more rooms in the roof. 
The casement windows have leaded lights. Cost on application to 
the architects. 

House at Shottermill, near Hindhead. Charles Spooner, Architect. 

{See pp. 206, 207.) 

This house, in the picturesque Hindhead district, commands 
fine views, and is built of brick, rough-casted, with a red tiled roof. 
The exterior woodwork is painted white. There is a small hall, also 
a dining-room and large drawing-room, both these rooms having big 
shallow bow windows. A combined pantry and servants' parlour is 
also provided, kitchen, and offices. Both dining-room and drawing- 
room are provided with separate entrances to the grounds. On the 
first floor there is a morning-room, with French windows opening on 
to a balcony commanding beautiful views ; also three bedrooms, 
dressing-room, bathroom, and linen cupboard. On the second floor 
there are three bedrooms and box accommodation. Earth closets 
having to be provided have occasioned some difficulty in the 
planning. Oak joinery is employed in the dining-room. The cost 
was ;^3,ooo. 

The Garden House, Saltwood, Kent. John W. Rhodes, Architect. 

{See pp. 208, 209.) 

The site commands extensive views over the English Channel 
from Dungeness to Folkestone. It is about 2^ miles from the sea, 
and adjoins and overlooks the well-known American garden which is 
in the same ownership. The new gardens (comprising six acres) are 
being laid out broadly to the architect's design. Abundance of 
excellent water was found on the estate, and pumping is effected by 
a " Petter " oil-engine. The main buildings, stable and outbuildings, 
are all built with selected grizzles. All exterior walls are thrice 
coated v/ith a special limewhite and tallow dressing. The roofs were 
originally intended to be reed thatched, but the stable only has been 
covered in this way, old selected tiles taken from demolished houses 
in Dover being used for the remainder. This necessitated some 
alterations in the original drawings of roof plans. The principal 
rooms face south-east and south-west. All the oak doors, architraves, 
etc., on the ground floor were cut from old mill-posts, the long strap 
hinges and latches being in wrought-iron. The boudoir is heated by 
a hanging-basket, and the remaining best rooms by well-fires with 
stone, red brick or wood mantels. All these fittings are to the 
architect's special design. The illuminant throughout is acetylene 
gas, and is most successful. The cost of the house alone was about 
^4,000, but there were, in addition, stabling, a long carriage drive and 
other extensive work in connection with the laying out of the site. 

Rushmere Lodge, near Ipswich, Suffolk. Charles Spooner, Architect. 

{See pp. 209, 210.) 

This is a very charming example of modern domestic work, 
albeit somewhat above the cost set out as the limit for houses in this 
book. The house has, however, considerable accommodation, and its 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

pleasing proportions and well-designed windows and doorway make 
it very acceptable for illustration. The walls are of brick, rough- 
casted, with red tiled roof. The exterior woodwork is painted white, 
with the exception of the jalousies, which are green. The accommo- 
dation comprises small hall, morning-room, large drawing-room, 
dining-room, cloak-room, butler's pantry and bedroom, kitchen, 
scullery, back hall, servants' hall and offices on the ground floor, and 
there are cellars under the butler's pantry, cloak-room, and lobby. 
On the first floor there are eight bedrooms, three dressing-rooms, 
bathroom, linen cupboard, &c. The joinery inside is painted, and 
the door furniture is of brass and good. There are oak floors in 
the principal rooms, and ventilating grates, which warm the rooms 
over. The cost was ^3,400. 

House at Bickley, Kent. Ernest Newton, Architect. 

{See heloiv and obposUe page.) 

This is a large house, by Mr. Newton, built of red brick with 
red tiled roof. The plan is regular, with a large drawing-room, 
sitting-hall, and dining-room, staircase-hall, and study on the ground 
floor, together with servants' hall, kitchen, second staircase and 
offices. On the first floor there are six bedrooms, two dressing- 
rooms, bathroom, linen-room, &c. ; and on the attic floor four 
bedrooms and box-room. Cost on application to the architect. 




HOUSE AT BICKLEY KENT. (See atou, 
CRNCST NEWTON, Architect. 



and next page.) 



190 




GARDEN FRONT. 




GPOU/MDFliH? 



Fif?n flcog 



HOUSE AT BICKLEY, KENT. 

ERNEST NEWTON, Architect. 

Built of brick with red tile roof. Cost on application to the Architect. See opposite page. 



191 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

"Newlands," Bourne End, Bucks. William Henry White, Architect. 

{Sec 6. 211.) 

This is an example of Mr. White's larger domestic work, to be 
built in brick, rough-cast, with tile roof. The ground floor accommo- 
dation comprises drawing-room, large sitting-hall with loggia, dining- 
room, kitchen, bicycle house, offices, &c. ; and on the upper floor there 
are seven bedrooms, bathroom, linen cupboard, &c. One of the 
bedrooms has a small balcony overlooking a fine view. The contract 
price was ^^2,200. 

House at Wimbledon, Surrey. Ernest Newton, Architect. 

{Sec p. 212.) 

One of the leaders in English domestic architecture is Mr. 
Ernest Newton, and the two examples — the house above named 
and the house at Bickley — are very typical of his work. This house 
is of brick, rough cast, with tiled roof. The projecting porch and 
bay above it give relief to the frontage. There is a small entrance 
hall, flanked with dining-room and drawing-room ; at the back is a 
study, and on the opposite side the kitchen wing. On the first floor 
there are three bedrooms, with a sitting-room or boudoir, dressing- 
room, bathroom, and linen cupboard. On the attic floor are two 
bedrooms and box-room. The staircase is roomy with square 
landings and straight flights. An excellent English house. Cost 
on application to the architect. 

Breach House, Cholsey. Edward Warren, Architect. 

{Sec pp. 213—215.) 

This house, like Mr. Voysey's house at Chorley Wood, is of 
particular interest in that it was designed by the architect for his 
own use. The walls are built of local bricks overlaid with " fine- 
cast," or rough stucco, and colour washed. The roofs are covered 
with old red tiles obtained from neighbouring farm buildings. The 
corners of the house face almost exactly the cardinal points of the 
compass on a site formed by a spur of the Berkshire Downs, and 
about 300 feet above the sea, commanding fine views of the Thames 
Valley and the Chilterns. The dining-room and drawing-room open- 
ing into one form a fine room, and the hall has a sitting-corner well 
screened from draughts. The " terrace " is perhaps more entitled to 
the name of " stoep," and makes an excellent living-room. In the 
attic storey there are four rooms. The cost was about ^'3,000. 

House on the Downs, Lyminge, Kent. Arthur T. Bolton, Architect. 

{Sec p. 216.) 

These drawings have been made for a house on a site about 
500 feet above sea level, and of a very exposed character. The walls 
are accordingly designed two feet thick on the principal fronts and are 
built with a hollow space of Kentish rag and brick inside lining. 
Parts of the house are hung with local tiles as a weather covering, 
the brick walls being built hollow up to the first floor. The site is 

192 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 

COTTAGE AT MINEHEAD, SOMERSET. {See p. 185.) 

BARRY PARKER and RAYMOND UHWIN, Architects. 



193 





THE LIVING ROOM. 

COTTAGE AT MINEHEAD. (See preiimis page.) 



194 




ENTRANCE FRONT VIEWED FROM THE SIDE. 
Photograph by F. Mason Good, 



LAEDEE, COALS 
BOU5HINC y^ IN 
SHEDS IN VARD 




l^'^ FLOOR 

4- BEDiaOOMS, 2 DCE55INC 
ROOMS, BMHOOOM , LINEN 
COOM, HMC »r WC. 



, Z"" FLOOR . 



5 BEDROOMS . BOXROOM 
8r HMC 



GROUND FLOOR PLAN 



THE CROFT," WINCHFIELD, HANTS. 
ROBERT WEIR SCHULTZ, Arohiteot. 

Built with ii-inch hollow walls of red hand-made facing bricks. Roof boarded, felted, and covered with 
dark red tiles. Casement windows. Cost, ;^2,ooo. See p. 185. 



195 




THE croft; WINCHFIELD, HANTS. (See preulous page.) 
Photograph by F. Mason Good. 




THE HALL, LOOKING INTO THE DINING ROOM AND STUDY. 

"the orchard." CHORLEY wood. HERTS. (See next page.) 
Photograph by Irving. 



ig6 




Photograph by H. Iruing. 




GROUND FLOOR PLAN 



THE ORCHARD," CHORLEY WOOD, HERTS. 
C. A. VOYSEY, Architect. 



Built of brick, rougli-casted, with stone dressings to windows. Wrought-iron casement windows with leaded 
lights. Roof covered with American green slates. Cost, about ^3,000. See p. 186. 



197 




Pin.toijraph bij G. Martin. 



l«r FLOOR 

7 BEP«3C0M5 , »AT><I300M , 
HMC.LINEN V BOXOOOM. 




WNINC nooM 



^.^^^"^^ 



OBfcWlNC tXXWl 



GROUND FLOOR PLAN. 



BEAUMONTS,' EDENBRIDGE, KENT, 
ROBERT WEIR SCHULTZ. Architect. 




ITJ I 



Built with hollow walls of red hand-made local bricks, the upper part on two sides tile-hung over brick- 
nogging, on the third side, rough-cast on metal lathing. Red tiles on the roof. Cost, about ;f2,400. 
See p. 1S7. 



198 




BEAUMONTS," EDENBRIDGE KENT; THE HALL. 

Photograph by G.i Martin. 




COTTAGE AT BURY, SUSSEX: FROM THE GARDEN. (See next page.) 



igg 




ENTRANCE FRONT. 





CJX>f^7> /'LTf, ~ PUVi or ITTEC rLOrC. 

COTTAGE AT BURY, SUSSEX, (-ts altered.) 
CHARLES SPOONER. Architect. 

This cottage was constructed by altering and adding to a small farmhouse and outbuildings, at a cost of /2,ooo. 
See p. 187. 




COTTAGE AT BURY: THE HALL. (See opposite page.) 




COTTAGE AT LEATHERHEAD: SOUTH-WEST VIEW. (See next page.) 



w 




HOUSE AT STANMORE, MIDDLESEX. 
HORACE FIELD, Architect. 

Built of red brick, with red tile roof and tile-hung facings. Cost on application to the Architect. See p. iS 



203 




GENERAL VIEW. 
Photograph by T. Lewis 








yiFtST fLOOI^ 



HOUSE AT APPLETON. CHESHIRE. 
WILLIAM and SEGAR OWEN, Architects. 

Built of local grey bricks, with Dantzic oak timber work, the half-timber framing being solid without exception. 
Wrought-iron casement windows with diamond pane leaded lights. Cost on application to the Architects. 
See p. i8S. 



204 




' . . .7?IMWii<.,»,„. 



VIEW FROM THE GARDEN. 




HOUSE, HIGH CLIFFE, APPLETON, CHESHIRE. 
WILLIAM and SCGAR OWEN, Archlteots. 




Built of Accrington bricks, with vegetating sand tiles on the roof. Casement windows with leaded lights. Cost 
on application to the Architects. See p. i8S, 



205 





GKOrNDFTJOOR TTKiT FLOOR. 

HOUSE AT SHOTTERMILL, HINDHEAD. 
CHARLES SPOONER, Architect. 

Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tiled roof. External woodwork painted white. Cost ;f j.ooo. See p. i8g. 



206 




THE ENTRANCE FRONT. 




THE DRAWING-ROOM/ 

HOUSE AT SHOTTERMILL, NEAR HINDHEAD. (See opposite page.) 



207 




THE GARDEN HOUSE. SALTWOOD, KENT. 
JOHN W. RHODES, Architect. 

Built of brick, coated with special dressing of lime-white and tallow. Roofs covered with old tiles. Oak 
half-timber work. Cost of house alone, between ^4,000 and /5,ooo. See p. 189. 



208 




THE GARDEN HOUSE, SALTWOOD : THE HALL, See opiiosite pay,!. 




RUSHMERE LODGE NEAR IPSWICH THE GARDEN FRONT. S;e next page. 



209 




GKOKV> rz.OaKPLA.V. 
RUSHMERE LODGE, NEAR IPSWICH, SUFFOLK. 
CHARLES SPOONER, Architect. 



riRir rLooe P/.AN. 



Built of brick, rough-casted, with red tiled roof. Externa! woodwork painted white and jalousies green. 
Cost, /3,400, See p. 189. 




"newlands," bourne end, bucks. 

WM. HBNRY WHITE, Architect 

To be built of brick, rough-cast, with casement windows and tile roof. Contract price ^^2,200. See p. 192. 







^ ',•4'- 






^J^fi/-/ 'i?»'^oy?AT 




-=— ^a^i^'^^^^^^::,^^; 




GROUND FLOOR PLAN 



HOUSE AT WIMBLEDON, SURREY 
"^W^ NEWTON. Architect. 

Boilt of brick, rough-cas., .,,h .ed tile roof. Cos. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



ATTIC PLAN. 



application to the Arcli 



itect. See p. i, 



92. 




GENERAL VIEW. 




GROUND FLOOR PLAN, 



BREACH HOUSE, CHOLSEY. 
EDWARD WARREN, Architect. 



FIRST FLOOR PLAN. 



Built of local bricks, overlaid with fine cast or rougli stucco, and colour washed. The roofs are covered 
with old red tiles, obtained from neiglibouring farm buildings. Cost, about ^3,000. See p. 192. 



213 




THE ENTRANCE FRONT. 




THE DRAWING-ROOM. 

BREACH HOUSE, CHOLSEY. (See premous page.) 



ai4 




GARDEN FRONT. 




THE HALL. 

BREACH HOUSE, CHOLSEY.., (See p. 213.) 




HOUSE ON THE DOWNS. LYMINGE, KENT. 

ARTHUn J. BOLTON. Architect. 



Built in an exposed situation. Hollow walls, 2 feet thick, faced with Kentish rag-stone and lined with brick, Part of 
house hung with tiles as a weather covering. Estimated cost, ;f3,ooo. See p. 192. 



zi6 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

chalk close to the surface, and has a considerable fall. The excavated 
chalk forms the filling in of the terrace, which is faced with Kentish 
rag rubble walling. On account of the splendid view from the garden 
front a recessed verandah, or portico, with columns and entablature 
of wood, forms a feature of this side of the house. It is arranged 
with a fiat terrace roof, accessible from the first floor bedrooms by 
steps. The hall receives a clerestory light on account of the 
collection to be displayed in the cases forming part of the internal 
fittings, as marked on the plan in between the pillars of the screen to 
the outer hall, and in the side recesses. 

The plan is laid out to suit the special ideas of the owner. 
The reception rooms are larger than is usual and there are fewer 
bedrooms, but they are of good size. It is proposed to have two 
bathrooms. The cost is estimated at ^'3,000, on the basis of gd. a 
foot cube. 



217 



CHAPTER VII. 

SOME NOTES ON COTTAGE GARDENS. 

With regard to the country garden, the nature and extent of its 
laying out will depend very much on the class of house to which it is 
to be a setting. The rustic appearance is naturally enhanced by an 
" old-fashioned " garden ; any attempt at much formal gardening with 
geometrical beds, stately terraces, balustrades, and topiary work 
would result in an utterly incongruous effect. On the other hand, a 
large mansion, or one which aims at a considerable stateliness of 
effect, demands in immediate contiguity some mingling of easy 
natural forms and severe artificial outlines such as formal gardening 
affords, so that the eye sees a gradual transition from the hard 
outline of the house to the broad, flowing lines of the surrounding 
country. In some cases this formal method is adopted " to lead up 
to" the house, but the idea aimed at is the same — to soften the 
crude severity of a house against natural scenery. 

Many good examples of country cottages cannot, unfortunately, 
be illustrated at their best. The country-home movement is of such 
recent growth that the present visible results in the majority of cases 
lack the mellowing effect of time, the sense of establishment, and 
that enhancement which verdure alone confers. Trees and shrubs, 
especially if planted small, take some years to give an appreciable 
effect to the general scheme, and for that reason it is advisable in 
selecting a site to get one on which there are a number of well-grown 
trees which can have their place in the general scheme. 

It should be the first object in building to save as many trees as 
possible. The architect who has to fashion a home on a bare site 
has a troublesome task in store, and well he knows it. Judging from 
the efforts of the speculative builder, his first idea when he takes 
possession of a site is to hack every living stick of verdure down, and 
until the whole ground is as bare as a billiard table he seems unable 
to plant his abominations on it. In some cases it would almost 
appear that he takes a fiendish joy or malevolence in so doing. A 
few years ago there was an old mansion called Peterborough House 
in the New King's Road, Fulham. The grounds, enclosed by a high 
brick wall, had a thick belt of timber against the road, consisting of 
tall elms and other trees, which formed a grateful relief among the 
surrounding sea of bricks and mortar. The rest of the estate had an 
unusual complement of shrubs and smaller trees. Not a stick of 
these was left — not so much as a laurel or lilac bush to grace the 
cramped little backyards, or throw a relieving note in the rows of 
ugly little pink brick and yellow terra-cotta villas which now cover 
the site. 

2:S 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

I am told that the speculative builder looks to the timber for an 
additional profit ; but no one is going to convince me that elm cut 
in blocks four feet long, or lilac bushes slashed off just above the 
roots, are of any good or value to anyone. The only explanation 
must be an utter indifference to any feeling of beauty or fitness. 

Therefore our first duty is to save the trees, and to do this 
architects plan and scheme their houses on the sites to save as much 
of the existing timber as possible. A study of the existing trees goes 
far to decide on the laying out of the garden. About gardens there 
are two types of mind — the one that delights in an " old-fashioned " 
garden where things are planted haphazard and are allowed to grow 
" anyhow " ; and the more severe and prim type that favours trim beds 
and lawns, with plants equally spaced apart in serried rows, and, in 
extreme cases, has beds planted in geometrical patterns, with the 
date of the year or the name of the owner. The only relaxation— so 
it is meant to be — to the eye in the latter kind of garden is the 
invariable serpentine path whose convolutions are the outcome of a 
poorly educated mind struggling to emulate the supposed vicious 
objection of Nature to a straight line. 

There is no inherent beauty in a lawn bisected by the wobbly 
path beloved of the gardener of i860, and architects are not afraid 
now to plan the approaches to the various parts of the grounds with 
a directness which is reminiscent of the Italian garden without 
following its formality in other directions. One could wish that the 
beautiful grass paths which were such a feature of the old monastic 
gardens could more often find a place in our modern gardens, and 
that the gravel path, troublesome to keep in order, and always 
uncomfortable to walk over, was more frequently conspicuous by 
its absence. Many of our modern gardens have paths paved with 
pebbles, than which, despite its pretty effect, there is no more 
slippery and ankle-twisting pavement in existence. The old red 
brick paths, or those made with old flagstones, are much to be 
preferred. I plead guilty to a preference for tarred macadam rather 
than for gravel. 

With herbaceous borders it is well not to plan them too wide, 
as it is both difficult to keep them in order in such case, or to reach 
the flowers at the back of them without maiming or trampling on 
those in front. And at the back of herbaceous borders I would have 
shrubs — a hedge of shrubs, and not necessarily a high hedge. In no 
way, I think, can the colour value and beauty of the flowers be better 
retained than against a background of green. The hollyhock is a tall 
straggly plant whose colour and effect is often lost in the air, but 
placed against a background of yew or even hawthorn its beauty is 
at once increased. 

The "old-fashioned " gardener has a great objection to anything 
approaching formality ; so much so that his beds rarely present the 
appearance of anything but straggling profusion. Beds devoted to 
one kind of annual, I think, give much greater beauty — one can 
obtain in the mass a feast of colour and scent that is never 
obtainable in any other way, and it has this advantage that when 

219 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

the plants have died off they can be removed and replaced by some 
later flower with a minimum of trouble, without disturbing other 
plants and without leaving ugly gaps as in the old-fashioned border. 

The backbone of a garden is, however, a profusion of shrubs ; 
planted intelligently they afford privacy, screen off ugly corners, 
give shelter and shade, and form a delightful background to the 
flowers. Moreover, the conifers with their perpetual foliage are most 
useful, as they practically make the garden in winter when flowers are 
scarce and the trees are bare. The flowering trees like the lilacs, 
laburnums, almonds, and hawthorns will find their place for effect. 
No set rules can be laid down as to the best trees to plant ; so much 
depends on situation, aspect, and soil. 

The architectural features of the garden, comprising the terrace, 
seats, arbours, sundials, statues, ponds, etc., are, even in the cottage 
garden, more formal nowadays than they used to be. I use the term 
architectural merely for distinction ; the architect has as much voice 
— or should have — in the lay-out of the garden as in the arrangement 
and disposition of the house. These items of garden architecture as 
stated, and their placing in the garden, must receive very close 
consideration. 

Builders of country cottages should therefore study the class of 
garden best adapted to the style of their home. The pergolas and 
summer-houses constructed in brick and stone with classic columns 
and mouldings may be admirably adapted for the mansion, but 
should be replaced by humbler structures of trellis in the cottage 
garden. The trellis may be of the conventional pattern sold by 
every provider of garden requisites ; but a more pleasing effect can 
be obtained by the square or French pattern, and this is more 
generally favoured by architects. The same formality of the French 
trcillage in its entirety would, however, be out of place in a cottage 
garden. 

As a rule these architectural features are points up to which the 
garden planting is made to lead — they form the setting to vistas and 
views. It is the aim of the designer to invest the grounds with some 
amount of mystery, with surprise views and little beauties in un- 
expected places which add to the general charm. The garden which 
is wholly revealed from the windows of the house can never afford this 
fascination. Perhaps in this connection a word can be said for the 
lawn. The modern lawn, despite its level and luxuriant turf, is a 
somewhat crude affair. The gardener of fifty years ago knew better 
when he hedged his lawn with evergreens — so that its full extent and 
beauty were not disclosed at a single glance. 

The planting of creepers against the house walls is now so 
usual as barely to need mentioning. But the commoner kinds of 
creeper are hardly desirable. Ivy is harmful to the fabric unless 
attended to, while the ordinary Virginian creeper in a few years 
reduces the house to a shapeless and untidy heap. For general pur- 
poses the Ampelopsis Veitchii is hard to beat ; it is quick growing 
and neat, and if kept in order always looks well. The obscuration of 
all the architectural features of the cottage is hardly complimentary 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

to the architect, but, in too many cases, alas ! the owner is amply 
justified. Still clematis, roses, honeysuckle and the passion flower, 
etc., should provide sufficient variety for training on the walls 
without recourse to the more ungovernable creepers. Wistaria 
has a beautiful flower ; but as a rule, unless properly secured, 
becomes untidy and unsightly. 

The pergola forms a prominent feature of the modern cottage. 
The Americans, influenced by their climate, doubtless, have greatly 
developed its use, but their pergolas are unlovely things, and the 
immense size of the supports they usually employ (seemingly capable 
of carrying a twenty-floor skyscraper) appear altogether out of place 
in such a structure. The framing should be as light as possible 
consistent with the weight to be carried, and if possible trees should 
be trained to form the pergola without artificial support. A pleasing 
example of this latter method has just been completed in Sussex, 
where a very large pergola was formed with cherry trees, trained 
on a temporary framework. In five years' time it is estimated that 
this unique pergola will have reached its full beauty. 

Arbours are nowadays more frequently formed with natural 
creepers trained over a framework, though more substantial " garden 
houses " are by no means uncommon. The " rustic " arbour of deal 
decorated with twisted oak, stained and varnished, is an atrocity fast 
dying out, and also the garden seats that match it. The beautiful 
seats on the old pattern introduced by the Pyghtle works will, it is 
hoped, become more widely known. 

Rockeries it is difficult to find delight in ; as a rule the average 
rockery reminds you of that infantile " catch " that begins 

'' Around the rugged rocks 
The ragged rascals ran." 

As their purpose is more often to conceal an unsightly corner 
than to grow the plants most suited to them, their appearance is far 
from prepossessing. Rockeries are most suitable where there are 
springs or water which can be utilised for waterfall effects. 

The subject of water treatment is rather a wide one to be dealt 
with in a short note. But a garden can hardly reach its full beauty 
without a small pond for water plants, though the inclusion of a pond 
must depend very much on the size of the garden. The small clear- 
water goldfish basin, into which most visitors accidentally stumble at 
some time or other, is hardly to be dignified by the name of a pond, 
and one's interest in it diminishes at the sight of the neighbour's 
cat sitting on its stone rim and fishing for a toothsome morsel. In 
the treatment of water, on a miniature scale, the Japanese have 
become pre-eminent, and a study of some of their garden efl'ects is 
valuable in considering what can be done in laying out a small 
garden space. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

PROFESSIONAL CHARGES OF ARCHITFXTS. 

The charges of all reputable architects arc made in conformity 
with the schedule sanctioned by the Royal Institute of British 
Architects, confirmed at a General Conference of Architects of the 
United Kingdom, 1872, and revised by the Institute, 1898. The 
main points are : — 

1. The usual remuneration for an architect's services, except as 
hereinafter mentioned, is a commission of 5 per cent, on the total 
cost of works executed under his directions. Such total cost is to be 
valued as though executed by a builder with new materials. This 
commission is for the necessary preliminary conferences and sketches, 
approximate estimate when required (such, for instance, as may be 
obtained for cubing out the contents), the necessary general and 
detailed drawings and specifications, one set of tracings, duplicate 
specification, general superintendence of works, and examining and 
passing the accounts, exclusive of measuring and making out extras 
and omissions. 

2. This commission does not include the payment for services 
rendered in connection with negotiations relating to the site or 
premises, or in supplying drawings to ground or other landlords, 
or in surveying of premises and taking levels, making surveys and 
plans of buildings to be altered, making arrangements in respect of 
party-walls and rights of light, or for drawings for and correspondence 
with local and other authorities, or for services consequent on the 
failure of builders to carry out the works, or for services in connection 
with litigation or arbitration, or in the measurement and valuation 
of extras and omissions. For such services additional charges pro- 
portionate to the trouble involved and time spent are made. The 
clerk of the works should be appointed by the architect, his salary 
being paid by the client. 

3. In all works of less cost than £1,000, and in works requiring 
designs for furniture and fittings of buildings, or for their decoration 
with painting, mosaics, sculpture, stained glass, or other like works, 
and in cases of alterations and additions to buildings, 5 per cent, is 
not remunerative, and the charge is regulated by special circum- 
stances and conditions. 

4. When several distinct buildings, being repetitions of one 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

design, are erected at the same time from a single specification and 
one set of drawings and under one contract, the usual commission 
may be charged on the cost of one such building and a modified 
arrangement made in respect of the others ; but the arrangement 
does not apply to the reduplication of parts in one building under- 
taking, in which case the full commission is to be charged on the 
total cost. 

5. If the architect should have drawn out the approved design 
complete, with plans, elevations, sections, and specification, the 
charge is 2^ per cent, upon the estimated cost. If he should have 
procured tenders in accordance with the instruction of his employer, 
the charge is ^ per cent, in addition. Two and a half per cent, is 
charged upon any works originally included in the contract or tender, 
but subsequently omitted in execution. These charges are exclusive 
of charge for taking out quantities. Preliminary sketches and inter- 
views, where drawings are not further proceeded with, are charged for 
according to time and trouble involved. 

6. Should the client, having approved the design, and after the 
contract drawings have been prepared, require material alterations to 
be made, whether before or after the contract has been entered into, 
extra charge is made. 

7. The architect is entitled during the progress of the work to 
payment by instalments on account at the rate of 5 per cent, on the 
amount of the certificates when granted, or, alternatively, on the 
signing of the contract to half the commission on the amount thereof, 
and the remainder by instalments during their progress. 

8. The charge per day depends upon an architect's professional 
position, the minimum charge being three guineas. 

g. The charge for taking a plan of an estate, laying it out, and 
arranging for building upon it, is regulated by the time, skill, and 
trouble involved. 

10. For setting out on an estate the position of the proposed 
road or roads, taking levels, and preparing drawings for roads and 
sewers, applying for the sanction of local authorities, and supplying 
all necessary tracings for this purpose, the charge is 2 per cent, on 
the estimated cost. For subsequently preparing working drawings 
and specifications of roads and sewers, obtaining tenders, supplying 
one copy of drawings and specification to the contractor, super- 
intending works, examining and passing accounts (exclusive of 
measuring and valuing extras and omissions), the charge is an 
additional 4 per cent, on the cost of the work executed. 

11. For letting the several plots in ordinary cases the charge is 
a sum not exceeding a whole year's ground rent, but in respect of 
plots of greater value a special arrangement must be made. 

12. For approving plans submitted by the lessee, and for 
inspecting the buildings during their progress, so far as may be 
necessary to ensure the conditions being fulfilled, and certifying for 
lease, the charge is a percentage not exceeding i^ up to ^5,000, 
and above by special arrangement. 

223 



COUNTRY COTTAGES. 

13. For valuing freehold, copyhold, or leasehold property the 
charge is : — 

On ^1,000 ... I per cent. 
Thence to _^ 10,000 ... I ,, 
Above ;^ 1 0,000 ... I ,, 

In valuations for mortgage, if an advance 
above scale. Minimum fee, three guineas. 

14. For valuing and negotiating the settlement of claims under 
the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act or other Acts for the 
compulsory acquisition of property, the charge is on Ryde's scale as 
follows ; on amount of settlement, whether by verdict, award, or 
otherwise : — 



on residue. 
is not made, one-third 



Amount. 


Gs. 


Amount. 


Gs. 


Amount. 


Gs. 


Amount. 


Gs. 


/ 




/ 




£ 




^ 




100 


=; 


2,200 


24 


5,200 


39 


8,200 


54 


200 


7 


2,400 


25 


5,400 


40 


8,400 


55 


300 


9 


2,600 


26 


5,600 


41 


8,600 


56 


400 


II 


2,800 


27 


5,800 


42 


8,800 


57 


500 


13 


3,000 


28 


6,000 


43 


9,000 


58 


600 


14 


3,200 


29 


6,200 


44 


q,200 


59 


700 


15 


3,400 


30 


6,400 


4? 


9,400 


60 


800 


16 


3,600 


31 


6,600 


46 


9,600 


61 


qOO 


17 


^,800 


32 


6,800 


47 


q,800 


62 


1,000 


18 


4,000 


33 


7,000 


48 


10,000 


6^ 


1,200 


19 


4,200 


34 


7,200 


49 


11,000 


68 


1,400 


20 


4,400 


35 


7,400 


50 


12,000 


73 


1,600 


21 


4,600 


36 


7,600 


51 


14,000 


83 


1,800 


22 


4,800 


37 


7,800 


52 


18,000 


103 


2,000 


-3 


5,000 


38 


8,000 


53 


20,000 


113 



Beyond this Half-a-Guinea per cent. 
This scale is exclusive of attendances on juries or umpires, 
or at arbitrations, and of expenses and preparation of plans. 



HK196-78 



Printed by Cassell & Company, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London, E.G. 

20.607 







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